| Título: | Key international comparison of AC-DC current transfer standards CCEM-K12 |
| Fuente: | Metrología, 49 |
| Autor/es: | Budovsky, Ilya; Lipe, Thomas E.; Filipski, Peter S.; Laiz, Hector; Funck, Torsten; Garcocz, Martin; Espedalen, Jeanne H.; Rydler, Karl-Erik; Chua. Sze Wey; Borghi, Giovanna; Wheaton, Adrian; Telitchenko, G. P. |
| Materias: | Metrología; Transferencia; Corriente alterna; Corriente continua; Mediciones eléctricas |
| Editor/Edición: | IOP Publishing; 2012 |
| Licencia: | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Afiliaciones: | Budovsky, Ilya. National Measurement Institute (NMIA); Australia Lipe, Thomas E. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados Unidos Filipski, Peter S. National Research Council Canada. Institute for National Measurement Standards (NRC-INMS); Canadá Laiz, Hector. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); Argentina Funck, Torsten. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB); Alemania Garcocz, Martin. Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen (BEV); Austria Espedalen, Jeanne H. Justervesenet (JV); Noruega Rydler, Karl-Erik. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden; Suecia Chua. Sze Wey. National Metrology Centre (NMC); Singapur Borghi, Giovanna. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); Brasil Wheaton, Adrian. National Physical Laboratory (NPL); Reino Unido Telitchenko, G. P. D. I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM); Rusia |
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| Resumen: | The circulation of the travelling standards in the CIPM key comparison CCEM-K12 of AC–DC current transfer difference began in March 2005 and was completed in April 2007. The travelling standards were lost on their way from the last participant to the pilot laboratory. Since, prior to their disappearance, the travelling standards exhibited exceptional stability, the CCEM Working Group on Low-Frequency Quantities decided in June 2008 to accept the results of the comparison as valid without the final measurement by the pilot laboratory. The AC–DC transfer differences of the travelling standards have been measured at 10 mA and 5 A, and at the frequencies 10 Hz, 55 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 20 kHz, 50 kHz and 100 kHz. The key comparison reference values were calculated as the weighted means of the results of the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) with independent realizations of primary standards and low reported uncertainties. The degrees of equivalence relative to the key comparison reference values, as well as between pairs of NMIs, have been determined for the measurement points and show very good agreement. All but three of the calculated degrees of equivalence relative to the key comparison reference values are within the limits of the expanded uncertainties. |
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1(67) Key International Comparison of AC-DC Current Transfer Standards CCEM-K12 Final Report Dr Ilya Budovsky National Measurement Institute, Australia September 2012 2(67) Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 3 2. Participants and organisation of the comparison .......................................... 3 3. Travelling standards and measurement instructions .................................... 6 4. Methods of measurement ................................................................................. 8 5. Repeated measurements of the pilot laboratory ............................................ 9 6. Measurement results ....................................................................................... 10 7. Withdrawals..................................................................................................... 29 8. Follow-up comparisons ................................................................................... 29 9. Summary and conclusions .............................................................................. 29 10. References ........................................................................................................ 29 Appendix 1: Degrees of equivalence between pairs of NMIs ............................ 30 Appendix 2. Uncertainty Budgets ........................................................................ 37 Technical Protocol................................................................................................. 58 3(67) 1. Introduction The CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) states that its technical basis is a set of results obtained in a course of time through key comparisons carried out by the Consultative Committees of the CIPM, the BIPM and the Regional Metrology Organisations (RMOs). As part of this process, the CIPM Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (CCEM) decided at its 23rd meeting in September 2002 on a Key International Comparison of AC-DC Current Transfer Standards CCEM-K12, with the National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA) as the pilot laboratory and the support group consisting of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Justervesenet (JV). The comparison measurements were conducted in the period from November 2004 to April 2007 2. Participants and organisation of the comparison 2.1. List of participants Table 1. List of Participants Date Laboratory to Mar 2005 NMIA Dr Ilya Budovsky National Measurement Institute PO Box 264 Lindfield NSW 2070 Australia phone: (+61 2) 8467 3541 fax: (+61 2) 8467 3783 Email: ilya.budvosky@measurement.gov.au Mar 2005 - May 2005 NIST Thomas E. Lipe National Institute of Standards and Technology100 Bureau Drive, Building 220, Room B-146, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8171 USA Telephone: 01 301 975 4251 Fax: 01 301 926 3972Email: thomas.lipe@nist.gov May 2005 - Jun 2005 Jul 2005 - Aug 2005 NRC INTI Dr. Peter S. Filipski Institute for National Measurement Standards National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Rd. Bldg. M36 Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1A 0R6 Telephone: (613) 993 2313 Fax: (613) 952 1394 Email: Peter.Filipski@nrc.ca Dr. Ing. Hector Laiz INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA INDUSTRIAL Av. Gral Paz 5445, San Martin, B1650KNA, Buenos Aires, Argentina Telephone: (+5411) 4724-6200 Fax: (+5411) 4724-6200 Email: laiz@inti.gov.ar Sep 2005 - Oct 2005 Dr. Torsten Funck Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB Bundesallee 100 38116 Braunschweig Germany Telephone: ++49-531-592-2320 Fax: ++49-531-592- Oct 2005 - Oct 2005 Nov 2005 - Dec 2005 BEV JV 2345 Email: Torsten.Funck@ptb.de Martin Garcocz Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen Arltgasse 35; A-1160 VIENNA Austria Telephone: +43-1-49110-0 Fax: +43-1-4920875 Email: m.garcocz@metrologie.at Jeanne H. Espedalen Justervesenet Fetveien 99, N-2007 Kjeller; NORWAY Telephone: +47 64 84 84 84Fax: +47 64 84 84 85 Email: jeanne.espedalen@justervesenet.no 4(67) Jan 2006 - Feb 2006 Karl-Erik Rydler Brinellgatan 4, SE-504 62 BORAAS, Sweden SP Telephone: +46 33 165401 Email: karlerik.rydler@sp.se Fax: +46 33 125038 Mar 2006 - May 2006 06 Jun 2006 - Jul 2006 Aug 2006 - Sep 2006 Sep 2006 - Jan 2007 Mar 2007 - Apr 2007 NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL Dr Ilya Budovsky National Measurement Institute PO Box 264 Lindfield NSW 2070 Australia phone: (+61 2) 8467 3541 fax: (+61 2) 8467 3783 Dr. Sze Wey CHUA NMC 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221 Tel: (65) 62791909, Fax: (65) 62791995 Email: chua\_sze\_wey@nmc.a-star.edu.sg Giovanna Borghi Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil CEP 25.250-020 Telephone: (55 21) 2679-9076 Fax: (55 21) 2679-1627 Email: latce@inmetro.gov.br MR ADRIAN WHEATON CENTRE FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC & TIME METROLOGY, MODULE 2, ROOM F2-A14, QUEENS ROAD, TEDDINGTON, MIDDLESEX. TW11 0LW Telephone: +44 20 8943 6235 / 6367Fax: +44 20 8614 0539 Email: adrian.wheaton@npl.co.uk VNIIM Dr. G.P. Telitchenko 19, Moskovsky pr., 198005 St. Petrsburg, Russia Telephone: 7 (812) 3239620 Fax: 7 (812) 3239620 Email: G.P.Telitchenko@vniim.ru 2.2. Comparison schedule Table 2. Original Comparison Schedule Dates 12 Apr 2005 24 May 2005 - 05 Jul 2005 16 Aug 2005 27 Sep 2005 08 Nov 2005 20 Dec 2005 31 Jan 2006 14 Mar 2006 25 Apr 2006 06 Jun 2006 18 Jul 2006 29 Aug 2006 - to Mar 2005 23 May 2005 04 Jul 2005 15 Aug 2005 26 Sep 2005 07 Nov 2005 19 Dec 2005 30 Jan 2006 13 Mar 2006 24 Apr 2006 05 Jun 2006 17 Jul 2006 28 Aug 2006 09 Oct 2006 Laboratory NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NPL NMIA VNIIM NMC INMETRO NMIA 5(67) 2.3. Organisation of the comparison Prior to the comparison, a pilot comparison was organised between the pilot laboratory, National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA), and the support group consisting of National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA (NIST) and Justervesenet, Norway (JV). As a result of this comparison, the long term stability of the travelling standards was confirmed and preliminary reference values established. The travelling standards were dispatched from NMIA around March 2005 and returned after the completion of each loop. The pilot laboratory was informed by fax of the arrival of the package and again when sending the package to the next participant. The next participant was also informed by e-mail or fax. Each participating laboratory covered the costs of the measurement, transportation and customs clearance as well as for any damage that may occur within its country. The pilot laboratory covered the overall costs for the organisation of the comparison. The pilot laboratory had no insurance for any loss or damage of the travelling standard. Due to the time constraints the participants were expected to use a recognised courier service e.g. UPS or DHL for the transport of the travelling standard and not to use a forwarding agent that does not guarantee an adequate delivery time, inclusive of the time for customs procedure. The case was transported with an ATA Carnet for customs clearance. 2.4. Unexpected incidents After the start of the comparison, two participants, NPL and VNIIM requested that their participation be moved to the end of the circulation. This liberated two measurement slots in the middle of the schedule. The pilot laboratory approached several laboratories that originally applied to participate in the comparison but none were prepared to take the vacant positions at a relatively short notice. 6(67) In 2006 NPL chose a little known courier company to send the travelling standards to VNIIM. After the measurements at VNIIM were completed in April 2007 the same courier took possession of the standards to send them back to the pilot laboratory. Following this, all contact with the courier ceased, leading to eventual loss of the standards. Since, prior to their disappearance, the travelling standards exhibited exceptional stability, the CCEM working group on low-frequency standards decided in June 2008 to accept the results of the comparison as valid without the final measurement by NMIA. 3. Travelling standards and measurement instructions 3.1. Description of the travelling standards 10 mA The travelling standard for the current of 10 mA was a Single-Junction Thermal Converter, Serial Number 1001-2003, manufactured by NMIA. It has the following nominal parameters: Rated Input Current: Heater Resistance: Thermocouple Resistance: Output Voltage at Rated Current: 10 mA 25 7 7.6 mV The Thermal Converter has a UHF-type input connector and a type 10SL-4S output connector. 5A The 5 A travelling standard comprised a 0.2 coaxial shunt, Serial No S10 and a 1 V single junction thermal converter, Serial Number 251 - 2003. Both were manufactured at NMIA. Their main parameters are as follows: Current Shunt, Serial No S10 Nominal Resistance Power coefficient of resistance Input Connector Output Connector 0.2 <0.5 /W UHF N-female Thermal Converter, Serial No 251 - 2003 Rated Input Voltage: Input Resistance: Thermocouple Resistance: Output Voltage at Rated Voltage: 1V 475 7 6.2 mV The 5 A travelling standard was supplied with two Perspex supports, for the Thermal Converter and for the input side of the shunt respectively. When assembled correctly the travelling standard can be positioned firmly on a flat surface (see Figure 1). 7(67) Figure 1 Physical layout of the 5A travelling standard 3.2. Quantities to be measured and measurement conditions Ac-dc current transfer difference was defined as where I ac I dc I dc Iac is an rms ac current, and Idc is a dc current which, when reversed, produces the same mean output response as the rms ac current. Differences were expressed in microamperes per ampere (A/A) and a positive sign signifies that more ac than dc current was required for the same output response. 3.3. Measurement instructions The following detailed instructions were given to the participants. Upon receiving the package, check input and output resistances of the two thermal converters. Check also that there is a high resistance (>100 M) between the input and the output. In making these preliminary measurements, make sure not to exceed the nominal current of the thermal converters (for input resistance), 1 mA (for output resistance) and 100 V between the heater and the thermocouple. In case of any failure, inform the pilot laboratory immediately. 8(67) The ac-dc transfer difference is to be measured for the “Lo” position of the travelling standard, i.e. with both its input and output earthed. The connection to earth must remain at all times to protect the thermocouple. Care should be taken not to apply current above nominal, which may destroy the travelling standards. Recommended ambient conditions are temperature (23±1)°C and relative humidity (50±5)%. At least 30 minutes should be allowed for stabilisation after the fist application of current. The measurement frequency should be within 1 % of its nominal value. The frequency and its uncertainty must be reported. Sufficient delay time should be used between successive applications of alternating and direct current. Note that the thermal converter used in the 5A travelling standard has a time constant of approximately 4 seconds. The ac-dc difference of each travelling standard was to be measured at its nominal current and the following frequencies: Mandatary: 10 Hz, 55 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz Optional: 20 kHz, 50 kHz, 100 kHz. 4. Methods of measurement Table 3. Reference standards and measurement methods at 10 mA Laboratory NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM Reference Standard Micropotentiometer SJTC 3D MJTC, SJTC MJTC10kHz, CJTC20 kHz PMJTC QPMJTC PMJTC1kHz, SJTC10 kHz PMJT MJTC1kHz, SJTC10 kHz PMJTC Fluke A40 Shunt +SJTC Guildline MJTC SJTC Measurement Method Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Direct Comparison Source of Traceability In-house In-house In-house PTB In-house In-house PTB In-house PTB PTB In-house In-house Table 4. Reference standards and measurement methods at 5 A Laboratory Reference Standard Measurement Method NMIA NMIA Shunt + SJTC Direct Comparison NIST NIST Shunt + SJTC Build-up NRC NRC Shunt + SJTC Build-up INTI Shunt + PMJTC Build-up Holt Shunt + PMJTC, JV Shunt PTB + PMJTC Build-up BEV BEV Shunt + PMJTC Build-up JV JV Shunt + PMJTC Build-up SP SP Shunt + PMJTC Build-up NMC Holt Shunt + PMJTC Build-up INMETRO Fluke A40A Shunt +SJTC Direct Comparison NPL Shunt + SJTC Build-up VNIIM VNIIM Shunt + SJTC Direct Comparison 9(67) Source of Traceability In-house In-house In-house In-house In-house In-house In-house In-house In-house PTB In-house In-house 5. Repeated measurements of the pilot laboratory Tables 5 and 6 show the mean results of the measurements by the pilot laboratory for the duration of the comparison, including measurements done prior to the circulation. Figures 2 and 3 show long-term stability measurements over three months. Table 5. AC-DC Difference of the 10 mA Travelling Standard Measured by NMIA, in A/A f (kHz) 2003 Year 2004 2006 0.01 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.055 -1.5 -1.1 -1.1 1 -1.5 -1.2 -1.3 10 -1.2 -1.4 20 -1.6 -1.2 -1.5 50 -1.8 -1.3 -1.6 100 -2.1 -1.7 -1.8 Table 6. AC-DC Difference of the 5 A Travelling Standard Measured by NMIA, in A/A f (kHz) 0.01 0.055 1 10 20 50 100 2003 -0.5 0.2 0.3 -2.62 -9.4 -37.3 -70.3 Year 2004 -0.6 0.4 0.8 -1.3 -8.3 -37.1 -70.5 2006 -0.8 0.0 0.4 -2.2 -8.8 -36.7 -70.1 10(67) F (kHz) AC-DC DIfference (A/A) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 20-Mar 9-Apr 29-Apr 19-May 8-Jun Date 28-Jun 18-Jul 7-Aug 27-Aug 0.01 0.055 1 20 50 100 500 1000 Figure 2. NMIA measurements of the 10 mA transfer standard long term stability. The values on the vertical axis have been adjusted for clarity of presentation and are, therefore, not true ac-dc difference values. 16 AC-DC DIfference (A/A) 14 F (kHz) 12 0.01 0.055 10 1 8 10 6 20 4 50 2 100 0 28-Jun 3-Jul 8-Jul 13-Jul 18-Jul 23-Jul Date 28-Jul 2-Aug 7-Aug 12-Aug Figure 3. NMIA measurements of the 5 A transfer standard long term stability. The values on the vertical axis have been adjusted for clarity of presentation and are, therefore, not true ac-dc difference values. On the basis of these measurements, no correction due to the long term drift of the travelling standards has been introduced into the calculations presented in Section 6. 6. Measurement results 6.1. Determination of the Reference Value The key comparison reference value (KCRV) is based on the results of participants who have: 1. An independent realisation of primary standards for current ac-dc difference 2. The lowest reported uncertainty values. 11(67) At 10 mA, the following laboratories satisfy the above criteria: NMIA, NIST, NRC, PTB, BEV, SP, and VNIIM. Most laboratories performed a buildup to characterise their references at 5A. The uncertainty contribution from this buildup is significantly larger than from the 10 mA reference at the starting point of the buildup. Thus, laboratories with low uncertainties at 5 A were deemed independent even if their 10 mA reference was traceable to another NMI. Therefore, the reference values at 5A were calculated using the results of, NMIA, NIST, NRC, INTI, PTB, BEV, JV (except 10 Hz), SP, NMC, and VNIIM (from 10 Hz to 10 kHz). For each frequency, the reference value R and its standard uncertainty uR have been calculated from the results of the above laboratories as a weighted mean [1] given by: R / u2R ii / u 2 i , (1) where 1/ u2R 1 / u 2 i , and (2) where i and ui are the ac-dc differences and uncertainties, respectively, reported by laboratory i. The results submitted by the participants and the reference values are summarised in Tables 7 and 8 and, graphically, in Figures 6 and 7. The grey background in the tables indicates the results that were not included in the calculation of the KCRV. 6.2. Degree of Equivalence with the Reference Value The degree of equivalence of each laboratory with the KCRV, Di, has been calculated as: Di i R (3) For the laboratories whose results were used in the calculation of the reference value, the correlation with the reference value has been taken into account using formula (4) below to calculate the standard uncertainty uiD of the deviation from KCDV: u2iD u2i u2R , (4) where ui are the uncertainties reported by the laboratory. For the remaining laboratories there is no such correlation. Therefore, for these laboratories, u2iD u2i u2R . (5) The expanded uncertainty of the degree of equivalence has been calculated as: UiD kiDuiD , (6) where kiD is the coverage factor. The coverage factor kiD 2 has been used. 12(67) The calculated degrees of equivalence Di with the CCEM-K12 Reference Value and expanded uncertainties (95%) UiD are shown Tables 9 and 10 and, graphically, in Figures 6 and 7. The grey background in the tables indicates the results that were not included in the calculation of the reference value. 6.3. Degree of Equivalence between pairs of NMIs The degree of equivalence between pairs of NMI results has been calculated as: Di j i j , (7) with a standard uncertainty ui j D calculated as: u2 i jD u 2i u2j (8) The expanded uncertainty U has been calculated as: ij U i j ki j Dui jD , (9) where ki j D is the coverage factor. The coverage factor ki j D 2 has been used. The degrees of equivalence D between pairs of NMIs and the associated expanded uncertainties U are given in ij ij Appendix 1. 6.4. Tables and graphs of reported results Table 7. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 10 mA, in A/A Reported Ac-dc Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) U i in /A Laboratory Measurement Period 10 Hz 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz i Ui i Ui i Ui i Ui i Ui i Ui i Ui NMIA 10/20042/2005 -0.1 2.0 -1.1 1.0 -1.2 1.0 -1.2 1.0 -1.2 1.0 -1.3 1.4 -1.7 1.8 NIST 03/2005 05/2005 7.0 9.0 -1.0 6.0 -2.0 4.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 4.0 2.0 7.0 5.0 10.0 NRC 5/2005 6/2005 2.5 1.7 -0.9 0.8 -0.9 0.8 -1.8 1.4 -1.8 1.8 -2.1 1.6 -2.6 1.6 INTI 7/2005 8/2005 1.2 6.0 1.0 6.0 1.3 3.0 1.2 3.0 1.1 5.0 0.2 10.0 -1.0 20.0 PTB 1/09/2005 10/2005 4.7 3.0 -0.3 3.0 0.0 2.0 -0.1 2.0 -0.1 2.0 -0.4 2.0 -1.0 2.0 BEV 10/2005 2.7 2.2 -1.1 2.2 -1.0 2.2 -1.4 2.2 -1.2 2.4 -1.1 2.6 -1.4 3.4 JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 11/2005 12/2005 1/2006 2/2006 3/2006 5/2006 6/2006 7/2006 8/2006 9/2006 9/2006 1/2007 3/2007 4/2007 6.6 12.6 -0.5 6.6 -1.3 6.6 -1.3 6.8 -1.9 8.4 -3.0 10.4 -5.0 12.5 2.8 3.3 -1.0 2.2 -1.2 1.6 -1.4 2.0 -1.1 2.1 -1.2 2.5 -1.6 3.4 0.1 2.0 -1.1 1.0 -1.3 1.0 -1.4 1.0 -1.5 1.0 -1.6 1.4 -1.8 1.8 2.0 7.0 -2.0 7.0 -2.0 7.0 -2.0 7.0 -2.0 7.0 -1.0 7.0 0.0 12.0 -14.0 27.0 -14.0 27.0 -12.0 36.0 4.0 11.0 -2.0 11.0 -1.0 11.0 -1.0 13.0 -2.0 14.0 0.0 15.0 1.0 22.0 5.0 2.6 2.0 2.8 -0.8 2.4 -1.0 2.6 -1.1 2.6 -1.3 2.6 -1.7 2.6 NMIA Mean 0.0 2.0 -1.1 1.0 -1.3 1.0 -1.3 1.0 -1.4 1.0 -1.5 1.4 -1.8 1.8 KCRV 2.6 0.9 -0.8 0.6 -1.0 0.5 -1.2 0.6 -1.2 0.7 -1.3 0.8 -1.8 0.9 13(67) Table 8. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 5 A, in A/A Laboratory Measurement Period 10 Hz 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB i 10/20042/2005 -0.6 03/2005 05/2005 3.0 5/2005 6/2005 -0.1 7/2005 8/2005 1.2 1/09/2005 10/2005 0.0 Ui 4.5 19.0 15.0 8.0 6.0 i Ui i Ui i Ui i Ui 0.4 4.1 0.8 4.1 -1.3 4.2 -8.3 4.5 4.0 18.0 3.0 17.0 6.0 17.0 -8.0 21.0 -0.2 14.0 -0.6 14.0 -3.1 15.0 -8.2 15.0 -1.2 7.0 3.4 5.0 -2.1 7.0 -7.7 8.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 4.0 -4.0 5.0 -11.0 7.0 i -37.1 -33.0 -35.6 -31.1 -36.0 Ui i Ui 8.0 -70.5 12.0 27.0 -91.0 33.0 20.0 -76.6 31.0 13.0 -65.2 22.0 9.0 -66.0 11.0 BEV 10/2005 0.5 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 -3.2 9.0 -9.0 9.0 -32.9 9.6 -59.1 12.6 JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 11/2005 12/2005 1/2006 2/2006 3/2006 5/2006 6/2006 7/2006 8/2006 9/2006 9/2006 1/2007 3/2007 4/2007 5.0 44.6 -0.5 4.9 -0.8 4.5 -2.0 25.0 -26.0 56.0 -2.0 4.0 1.8 13.2 -0.5 10.6 -3.6 11.0 -10.4 18.4 -36.5 25.2 -68.8 38.4 -0.7 4.2 -0.9 3.9 -1.4 4.3 -6.7 5.1 -31.0 10.0 -56.0 15.0 0.0 4.1 0.4 4.1 -2.2 4.2 -10.3 4.5 -37.8 8.0 -69.9 12.0 -1.0 25.0 -2.0 25.0 -3.0 25.0 -8.8 25.0 -36.7 25.0 -70.1 44.0 -1.0 91.0 24.0 91.0 118.0 96.0 8.0 25.0 -2.0 24.0 -9.0 22.0 -10.0 53.0 -56.0 84.0 -80.0 166.0 -2.4 4.0 2.0 3.4 2.8 3.2 NMIA Mean -0.7 4.5 0.2 4.1 0.6 4.1 -1.8 4.2 -9.3 4.5 -37.5 8.0 -70.2 12.0 KCRV -0.1 1.5 -0.3 1.4 0.5 1.3 -0.6 1.8 -8.6 2.6 -34.5 4.0 -65.3 5.7 AC-DC Difference (A/A) 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 10 Hz 14(67) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM AC-DC Difference ( A/A) 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 55 Hz NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM Figure 4. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 10 mA, in A/A AC-DC Difference (A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 1 kHz 15(67) AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 10 kHz ± 36 Figure 4. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 10 mA, in A/A (continued). AC-DC Difference (A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 20 kHz 16(67) AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 50 kHz Figure 4. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 10 mA, in A/A (continued). AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 -25.0 100 kHz 17(67) Figure 4. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 10 mA, in A/A (continued). AC-DC Difference ( ) 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -20.0 -30.0 10 Hz ± 56 ± 45 NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM Figure 5. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 5 A, in A/A AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -20.0 -30.0 55 Hz 18(67) ± 91 AC-DC Difference (A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -20.0 -30.0 1 kHz ± 91 Figure 5. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 5 A, in A/A (continued). AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -20.0 -30.0 10 kHz 118 ± 96 19(67) AC-DC Difference (A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -20.0 -30.0 -40.0 20 kHz ± 53 Figure 5. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 5 A, in A/A (continued). AC-DC Difference (A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -20.0 -30.0 -40.0 -50.0 -60.0 -70.0 50 kHz 20(67) AC-DC Difference ( A/A) 0.0 -10.0 -20.0 -30.0 -40.0 -50.0 -60.0 -70.0 -80.0 -90.0 -100.0 -110.0 -120.0 -130.0 100 kHz ± 166 NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM Figure 5. Reported AC-DC Difference i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) Ui at 5 A, in A/A (continued). 6.5. Tables and Graphs of Degrees of Equivalence with the Reference Value 21(67) Table 9. Degrees of Equivalence Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 10 mA, in A/A Laboratory Degrees of Equivalence with the CEEM-K12 Reference Value D i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) U i D in /A 10 Hz 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD NMIA -2.6 1.8 -0.3 0.8 -0.3 0.9 -0.1 0.8 -0.2 0.7 -0.1 1.2 0.0 1.6 NIST 4.4 9.0 -0.2 6.0 -1.0 4.0 1.2 3.9 1.2 3.9 3.3 7.0 6.8 10.0 NRC -0.1 1.4 -0.1 0.6 0.1 0.6 -0.6 1.2 -0.6 1.7 -0.8 1.4 -0.8 1.3 INTI -1.4 6.1 1.8 6.0 2.3 3.0 2.4 3.1 2.3 5.0 1.5 10.0 0.8 20.0 PTB 2.1 2.9 0.5 2.9 1.0 1.9 1.1 1.9 1.1 1.9 0.9 1.8 0.8 1.8 BEV 0.1 2.0 -0.3 2.1 0.0 2.1 -0.2 2.1 0.0 2.3 0.2 2.5 0.4 3.3 JV 4.0 12.6 0.3 6.6 -0.4 6.6 0.0 6.8 -0.7 8.4 -1.7 10.4 -3.2 12.5 SP 0.2 3.2 -0.2 2.1 -0.2 1.5 -0.2 1.9 0.1 2.0 0.1 2.4 0.2 3.3 NMIA -2.5 1.8 -0.3 0.8 -0.3 0.9 -0.2 0.8 -0.3 0.7 -0.3 1.2 0.0 1.6 NMC -0.6 7.1 -1.2 7.0 -1.0 7.0 -0.8 7.0 -0.8 7.0 0.3 7.0 1.8 12.0 INMETRO -13.2 27.0 -13.0 27.0 -10.8 36.0 NPL 1.4 11.0 -1.2 11.0 0.0 11.0 0.2 13.0 -0.8 14.0 1.3 15.0 2.8 22.0 VNIIM 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.7 0.2 2.3 0.2 2.5 0.1 2.5 0.0 2.5 0.1 2.4 Table 10. Degrees of Equivalence Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 5 A, in A/A Laboratory Degrees of Equivalence with the CEEM-K12 Reference Value D i and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) U i D in /A 10 Hz 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD Di UiD NMIA -0.6 4.2 0.5 3.9 0.1 3.9 -1.2 3.8 -0.7 3.7 -3.0 6.9 -4.9 10.6 NIST 3.1 18.9 4.3 17.9 2.5 16.9 6.6 16.9 0.6 20.8 1.5 26.7 -25.7 32.5 NRC 0.0 14.9 0.1 13.9 -1.1 13.9 -2.5 14.9 0.4 14.8 -1.1 19.6 -11.3 30.5 INTI 1.3 7.9 -0.9 6.9 2.9 4.8 -1.5 6.8 0.9 7.6 3.4 12.4 0.1 21.3 PTB 0.1 5.8 0.3 3.8 -0.5 3.8 -3.4 4.7 -2.4 6.5 -1.5 8.1 -0.7 9.4 BEV 0.6 1.3 0.3 1.5 -0.5 1.5 -2.6 8.8 -0.4 8.6 1.6 8.7 6.2 11.3 JV 5.1 44.6 2.1 13.3 -1.0 10.7 -3.0 11.2 -1.8 18.6 -2.0 25.5 -3.5 38.8 SP -0.4 4.7 -0.4 4.0 -1.4 3.7 -0.8 3.9 1.9 4.4 3.5 9.2 9.3 13.9 NMIA -0.7 4.2 0.4 3.9 -0.1 3.9 -1.6 3.8 -1.7 3.7 -3.3 6.9 -4.6 10.6 NMC -1.9 25.0 -0.7 25.0 -2.5 25.0 -2.4 24.9 -0.2 24.9 -2.2 24.7 -4.9 43.6 INMETRO -0.7 91.0 23.5 91.0 118.6 96.0 NPL -25.9 56.0 8.3 25.0 -2.5 24.0 -8.4 22.1 -1.4 53.1 -21.5 84.1 -14.7 166.1 VNIIM -1.9 3.7 -2.1 3.8 1.5 3.1 3.4 2.6 AC-DC Difference (A/A) 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 10 Hz 22(67) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 55 Hz Figure 6. Degrees of Equivalence with the Reference Value Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 10 mA, in A/A . AC-DC Difference (A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 1 kHz 23(67) AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 10 kHz ± 36 Figure 6. Degrees of Equivalence with the Reference Value Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 10 mA, in A/A (continued). AC-DC Difference (A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 20 kHz 50 kHz 24(67) AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM Figure 6. Degrees of Equivalence with the Reference Value Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 10 mA, in A/A (continued). AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 100 kHz 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 25(67) Figure 6. Degrees of Equivalence with the Reference Value Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 10 mA, in A/A (continued). 10 Hz ± 56 ± 45 30 20 AC-DC Difference ( ) 10 0 -10 -20 -30 NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM Figure 7. Degrees of Equivalence with the Reference Value Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 5 A, in A/A. AC-DC Difference ( A/A) 26(67) 55 Hz ± 91 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM AC-DC Difference (A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 1 kHz ± 91 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 Figure 7. Degrees of Equivalence with the Reference Value Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 5 A, in A/A (continued). AC-DC Difference ( A/A) NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM 27(67) 10 kHz 118 ± 96 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 AC-DC Difference (A/A) 20 kHz ± 53 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM Figure 7. Degrees of Equivalence with the Reference Value Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 5 A, in A/A (continued). AC-DC Difference (A/A) 28(67) 50 kHz ±84 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM AC-DC Difference ( A/A) 100 kHz ± 166 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMIA NMC INMETRO NPL VNIIM Figure 7. Degrees of Equivalence with the Reference Value Di and Expanded Uncertainty (95%) UiD at 5 A, in A/A (continued). 7. Withdrawals and corrections 29(67) One NMI found a calculation error in its 5 A, 10 Hz result which was corrected at the Report A stage. 8. Follow-up comparisons No bilateral follow-up comparisons have been requested, however most Regional Metrology Organisations (RMOs) are expected to run a regional key comparison with results linked to those presented in this report. 9. Summary and conclusions The circulation of the travelling standards in the CIPM key comparison CCEM-K12 of ac-dc current transfer difference began in March 2005 and was completed in April 2007. The travelling standards were lost on their way from the last participant to the pilot laboratory. Since, prior to their disappearance, the travelling standards exhibited exceptional stability, the CCEM working group on low-frequencies decided in June 2008 to accept the results of the comparison as valid without the final measurement by the pilot laboratory. The ac-dc transfer differences of the travelling standards have been measured at 10 mA and 5 A and at the frequencies 10 Hz, 55 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 20 kHz, 50 kHz, 100 kHz. The key comparison reference values (KCRV) were calculated as the weighted mean of the results of the NMIs with independent realisations of primary standards and low reported uncertainties. The degrees of equivalence with the KCRV and between pairs of NMIs have been determined for the measurement points and show very good agreement. All but three of the calculated degrees of equivalence with the KCRV are within the limits of the expanded uncertainties. 10. References [1] C.F. Dietrich, Uncertainty, Calibration and Probability, Adam Hilger, Bristol, UK, 1991 30(67) Appendix 1: Degrees of equivalence between pairs of NMIs Table 1. Degrees of equivalence 10 mA, 10 Hz NMIA NIST NRC Di j Ui j Di j Ui j Dij Uij NMIA -7.0 9.1 -2.5 2.3 NIST 7.0 9.1 4.5 9.1 NRC 2.5 2.3 -4.5 9.1 INTI 1.2 6.3 -5.8 10.8 -1.3 6.2 PTB 4.7 3.4 -2.3 9.4 2.2 3.2 BEV 2.7 2.7 -4.3 9.2 0.2 2.5 JV 6.6 12.8 -0.4 15.5 4.1 12.7 SP 2.8 3.6 -4.2 9.5 0.3 3.5 NMC 2.0 7.3 -5.0 11.4 -0.5 7.2 NPL 4.0 11.2 -3.0 14.2 1.5 11.1 VNIIM 5.0 3.0 -2.0 9.3 2.5 2.8 INTI Dij Uij -1.2 6.3 5.8 10.8 1.3 6.2 3.5 6.7 1.5 6.4 5.4 14.0 1.6 6.8 0.8 9.3 2.8 12.6 3.8 6.5 PTB Dij Uij -4.7 3.4 2.3 9.4 -2.2 3.2 -3.5 6.7 -2.0 3.5 1.9 13.0 -1.9 4.3 -2.7 7.6 -0.7 11.4 0.3 3.7 BEV Di j Ui j -2.7 2.7 4.3 9.2 -0.2 2.5 -1.5 6.4 2.0 3.5 3.9 12.8 0.1 3.7 -0.7 7.3 1.3 11.2 2.3 3.1 JV Dij Ui j -6.6 12.8 0.4 15.5 -4.1 12.7 -5.4 14.0 -1.9 13.0 -3.9 12.8 -3.8 13.0 -4.6 14.5 -2.6 16.8 -1.6 12.9 SP Dij Ui j -2.8 3.6 4.2 9.5 -0.3 3.5 -1.6 6.8 1.9 4.3 -0.1 3.7 3.8 13.0 -0.8 7.7 1.2 11.5 2.2 4.0 NMC Dij Uij -2.0 7.3 5.0 11.4 0.5 7.2 -0.8 9.3 2.7 7.6 0.7 7.3 4.6 14.5 0.8 7.7 2.0 13.1 3.0 7.5 NPL Dij Uij -4.0 11.2 3.0 14.2 -1.5 11.1 -2.8 12.6 0.7 11.4 -1.3 11.2 2.6 16.8 -1.2 11.5 -2.0 13.1 1.0 11.3 VNIIM Dij Ui j -5.0 3.0 2.0 9.3 -2.5 2.8 -3.8 6.5 -0.3 3.7 -2.3 3.1 1.6 12.9 -2.2 4.0 -3.0 7.5 -1.0 11.3 Table 2. Degrees of equivalence 10 mA, 55 Hz NMIA NIST NRC INTI Di j Ui j Dij Uij Dij Uij Di j Ui j NMIA -0.1 6.0 -0.2 1.0 -2.1 6.1 NIST 0.1 6.0 -0.1 6.0 -2.0 8.5 NRC 0.2 1.0 0.1 6.0 -1.9 6.1 INTI 2.1 6.1 2.0 8.5 1.9 6.1 PTB 0.8 3.1 0.7 6.7 0.6 3.0 -1.3 6.7 BEV 0.0 2.3 -0.1 6.3 -0.2 2.2 -2.1 6.4 JV 0.6 6.7 0.5 8.9 0.4 6.6 -1.5 9.0 SP 0.1 2.3 0.0 6.3 -0.1 2.2 -2.0 6.4 NMC -0.9 7.1 -1.0 9.2 -1.1 7.0 -3.0 9.3 INMETRO -12.9 27.0 -13.0 27.7 -13.1 27.0 -15.0 27.7 NPL -0.9 11.0 -1.0 12.5 -1.1 11.0 -3.0 12.6 VNIIM 3.1 2.9 3.0 6.6 2.9 2.8 1.0 6.6 PTB Di j Ui j -0.8 3.1 -0.7 6.7 -0.6 3.0 1.3 6.7 -0.8 3.6 -0.2 7.2 -0.7 3.6 -1.7 7.6 -13.7 27.2 -1.7 11.4 2.3 4.0 BEV Di j Ui j 0.0 2.3 0.1 6.3 0.2 2.2 2.1 6.4 0.8 3.6 0.6 7.0 0.1 3.0 -0.9 7.3 -12.9 27.1 -0.9 11.2 3.1 3.5 JV Dij Uij -0.6 6.7 -0.5 8.9 -0.4 6.6 1.5 9.0 0.2 7.2 -0.6 7.0 -0.5 7.0 -1.5 9.7 -13.5 27.8 -1.5 12.9 2.5 7.2 SP Dij Uij -0.1 2.3 0.0 6.3 0.1 2.2 2.0 6.4 0.7 3.6 -0.1 3.0 0.5 7.0 -1.0 7.3 -13.0 27.1 -1.0 11.2 3.0 3.5 NMC Di j Ui j 0.9 7.1 1.0 9.2 1.1 7.0 3.0 9.3 1.7 7.6 0.9 7.3 1.5 9.7 1.0 7.3 -12.0 27.9 0.0 13.1 4.0 7.5 INMETRO Di j Ui j 12.9 27.0 13.0 27.7 13.1 27.0 15.0 27.7 13.7 27.2 12.9 27.1 13.5 27.8 13.0 27.1 12.0 27.9 12.0 29.2 16.0 27.1 NPL Di j Ui j 0.9 11.0 1.0 12.5 1.1 11.0 3.0 12.6 1.7 11.4 0.9 11.2 1.5 12.9 1.0 11.2 0.0 13.1 -12.0 29.2 4.0 11.4 VNIIM Dij Uij -3.1 2.9 -3.0 6.6 -2.9 2.8 -1.0 6.6 -2.3 4.0 -3.1 3.5 -2.5 7.2 -3.0 3.5 -4.0 7.5 -16.0 27.1 -4.0 11.4 31(67) Table 3. Degrees of equivalence 10 mA, 1 kHz NMIA NIST NRC INTI Di j Uij Di j Uij Di j Uij Di j Uij NMIA 0.8 4.1 -0.4 1.0 -2.6 3.2 NIST -0.8 4.1 -1.1 4.0 -3.3 5.0 NRC 0.4 1.0 1.1 4.0 -2.2 3.1 INTI 2.6 3.2 3.3 5.0 2.2 3.1 PTB 1.3 2.1 2.0 4.4 0.9 2.0 -1.3 3.6 BEV 0.3 2.3 1.0 4.5 -0.1 2.2 -2.3 3.7 JV -0.1 6.7 0.7 7.7 -0.4 6.6 -2.6 7.3 SP 0.1 1.7 0.8 4.2 -0.3 1.6 -2.5 3.4 NMC -0.8 7.1 0.0 8.1 -1.1 7.0 -3.3 7.7 INMETRO -12.8 27.0 -12.0 27.3 -13.1 27.0 -15.3 27.2 NPL 0.3 11.0 1.0 11.7 -0.1 11.0 -2.3 11.4 VNIIM 0.5 2.5 1.2 4.6 0.1 2.4 -2.1 3.8 PTB Di j Ui j -1.3 2.1 -2.0 4.4 -0.9 2.0 1.3 3.6 -1.0 2.9 -1.3 6.9 -1.2 2.5 -2.0 7.3 -14.0 27.1 -1.0 11.2 -0.8 3.0 BEV Di j Ui j -0.3 2.3 -1.0 4.5 0.1 2.2 2.3 3.7 1.0 2.9 -0.3 7.0 -0.2 2.6 -1.0 7.3 -13.0 27.1 0.0 11.2 0.2 3.2 JV Di j Ui j 0.1 6.7 -0.7 7.7 0.4 6.6 2.6 7.3 1.3 6.9 0.3 7.0 0.1 6.8 -0.7 9.6 -12.7 27.8 0.3 12.8 0.5 7.0 SP Di j Ui j -0.1 1.7 -0.8 4.2 0.3 1.6 2.5 3.4 1.2 2.5 0.2 2.6 -0.1 6.8 -0.8 7.2 -12.8 27.0 0.2 11.1 0.4 2.8 NMC Di j Ui j 0.8 7.1 0.0 8.1 1.1 7.0 3.3 7.7 2.0 7.3 1.0 7.3 0.7 9.6 0.8 7.2 -12.0 27.9 1.0 13.1 1.2 7.4 INMETRO Di j Ui j 12.8 27.0 12.0 27.3 13.1 27.0 15.3 27.2 14.0 27.1 13.0 27.1 12.7 27.8 12.8 27.0 12.0 27.9 13.0 29.2 13.2 27.1 NPL Di j Ui j -0.3 11.0 -1.0 11.7 0.1 11.0 2.3 11.4 1.0 11.2 0.0 11.2 -0.3 12.8 -0.2 11.1 -1.0 13.1 -13.0 29.2 0.2 11.3 VNIIM Di j Ui j -0.5 2.5 -1.2 4.6 -0.1 2.4 2.1 3.8 0.8 3.0 -0.2 3.2 -0.5 7.0 -0.4 2.8 -1.2 7.4 -13.2 27.1 -0.2 11.3 Table 4. Degrees of equivalence 10 mA, 10 kHz NMIA NIST NRC INTI Di j Uij Di j Uij Di j Uij Di j Uij NMIA -1.3 4.0 0.5 1.5 -2.5 3.2 NIST 1.3 4.0 1.8 4.1 -1.2 5.0 NRC -0.5 1.5 -1.8 4.1 -3.0 3.3 INTI 2.5 3.2 1.2 5.0 3.0 3.3 PTB 1.2 2.0 -0.1 4.4 1.7 2.3 -1.3 3.6 BEV -0.1 2.2 -1.4 4.5 0.4 2.4 -2.6 3.7 JV 0.0 6.9 -1.3 7.9 0.5 6.9 -2.5 7.5 SP -0.1 2.0 -1.4 4.4 0.4 2.3 -2.6 3.6 NMC -0.7 7.1 -2.0 8.1 -0.2 7.1 -3.2 7.7 INMETRO -10.7 36.0 -12.0 36.2 -10.2 36.0 -13.2 36.1 NPL 0.3 13.0 -1.0 13.6 0.8 13.1 -2.2 13.4 VNIIM 0.3 2.6 -1.0 4.7 0.8 2.8 -2.2 4.0 PTB Di j Ui j -1.2 2.0 0.1 4.4 -1.7 2.3 1.3 3.6 -1.3 2.8 -1.2 7.1 -1.3 2.7 -1.9 7.3 -11.9 36.1 -0.9 13.2 -0.9 3.2 BEV Di j Ui j 0.1 2.2 1.4 4.5 -0.4 2.4 2.6 3.7 1.3 2.8 0.1 7.1 0.0 2.8 -0.6 7.3 -10.6 36.1 0.4 13.2 0.4 3.3 JV Di j Ui j 0.0 6.9 1.3 7.9 -0.5 6.9 2.5 7.5 1.2 7.1 -0.1 7.1 -0.1 7.1 -0.7 9.8 -10.7 36.6 0.3 14.7 0.3 7.3 SP Di j Ui j 0.1 2.0 1.4 4.4 -0.4 2.3 2.6 3.6 1.3 2.7 0.0 2.8 0.1 7.1 -0.6 7.3 -10.6 36.1 0.4 13.2 0.4 3.2 NMC Di j Ui j 0.7 7.1 2.0 8.1 0.2 7.1 3.2 7.7 1.9 7.3 0.6 7.3 0.7 9.8 0.6 7.3 -10.0 36.7 1.0 14.8 1.0 7.5 INMETRO Di j Ui j 10.7 36.0 12.0 36.2 10.2 36.0 13.2 36.1 11.9 36.1 10.6 36.1 10.7 36.6 10.6 36.1 10.0 36.7 11.0 38.3 11.0 36.1 NPL Di j Ui j -0.3 13.0 1.0 13.6 -0.8 13.1 2.2 13.4 0.9 13.2 -0.4 13.2 -0.3 14.7 -0.4 13.2 -1.0 14.8 -11.0 38.3 0.0 13.3 VNIIM Di j Ui j -0.3 2.6 1.0 4.7 -0.8 2.8 2.2 4.0 0.9 3.2 -0.4 3.3 -0.3 7.3 -0.4 3.2 -1.0 7.5 -11.0 36.1 0.0 13.3 32(67) Table 5. Degrees of equivalence 10 mA, 20 kHz NMIA NIST NRC INTI Di j Ui j Di j Ui j Dij Uij Dij Uij NMIA -1.4 4.0 0.5 1.8 -2.5 5.1 NIST 1.4 4.0 1.8 4.3 -1.1 6.4 NRC -0.5 1.8 -1.8 4.3 -2.9 5.3 INTI 2.5 5.1 1.1 6.4 2.9 5.3 PTB 1.3 2.0 -0.1 4.4 1.7 2.5 -1.2 5.4 BEV 0.2 2.4 -1.2 4.6 0.6 2.8 -2.3 5.5 JV -0.5 8.5 -1.9 9.3 -0.1 8.6 -3.0 9.8 SP 0.3 2.1 -1.1 4.4 0.7 2.6 -2.2 5.4 NMC -0.7 7.1 -2.0 8.1 -0.2 7.2 -3.1 8.7 NPL -0.7 14.0 -2.0 14.6 -0.2 14.1 -3.1 14.9 VNIIM 0.3 2.6 -1.1 4.7 0.7 3.0 -2.2 5.6 PTB Dij Uij -1.3 2.0 0.1 4.4 -1.7 2.5 1.2 5.4 -1.1 3.0 -1.8 8.6 -1.0 2.7 -1.9 7.3 -1.9 14.1 -1.0 3.1 BEV Di j Ui j -0.2 2.4 1.2 4.6 -0.6 2.8 2.3 5.5 1.1 3.0 -0.7 8.7 0.1 3.0 -0.8 7.4 -0.8 14.2 0.1 3.4 JV Dij Ui j 0.5 8.5 1.9 9.3 0.1 8.6 3.0 9.8 1.8 8.6 0.7 8.7 0.8 8.7 -0.1 11.0 -0.1 16.4 0.8 8.8 SP Dij Ui j -0.3 2.1 1.1 4.4 -0.7 2.6 2.2 5.4 1.0 2.7 -0.1 3.0 -0.8 8.7 -0.9 7.3 -0.9 14.2 0.0 3.2 NMC Dij Uij 0.7 7.1 2.0 8.1 0.2 7.2 3.1 8.7 1.9 7.3 0.8 7.4 0.1 11.0 0.9 7.3 0.0 15.7 0.9 7.5 NPL Dij Uij 0.7 14.0 2.0 14.6 0.2 14.1 3.1 14.9 1.9 14.1 0.8 14.2 0.1 16.4 0.9 14.2 0.0 15.7 0.9 14.2 VNIIM Dij Ui j -0.3 2.6 1.1 4.7 -0.7 3.0 2.2 5.6 1.0 3.1 -0.1 3.4 -0.8 8.8 0.0 3.2 -0.9 7.5 -0.9 14.2 Table 6. Degrees of equivalence 10 mA, 50 kHz NMIA NIST NRC INTI Di j Ui j Di j Ui j Di j Ui j Di j Ui j NMIA -3.5 7.1 0.7 1.8 -1.7 10.1 NIST 3.5 7.1 4.1 7.1 1.8 12.2 NRC -0.7 1.8 -4.1 7.1 -2.3 10.1 INTI 1.7 10.1 -1.8 12.2 2.3 10.1 PTB 1.1 2.2 -2.4 7.2 1.7 2.3 -0.6 10.2 BEV 0.4 2.7 -3.1 7.4 1.0 2.8 -1.3 10.3 JV -1.5 10.5 -5.0 12.5 -0.9 10.5 -3.2 14.5 SP 0.3 2.6 -3.2 7.3 0.9 2.8 -1.4 10.3 NMC 0.5 7.1 -3.0 9.9 1.1 7.2 -1.2 12.3 NPL 1.5 15.1 -2.0 16.6 2.1 15.1 -0.2 18.1 VNIIM 0.2 2.7 -3.3 7.4 0.8 2.8 -1.5 10.3 PTB Di j Ui j -1.1 2.2 2.4 7.2 -1.7 2.3 0.6 10.2 -0.7 3.1 -2.6 10.6 -0.8 3.0 -0.6 7.3 0.4 15.1 -0.9 3.1 BEV Di j Ui j -0.4 2.7 3.1 7.4 -1.0 2.8 1.3 10.3 0.7 3.1 -1.9 10.7 -0.1 3.4 0.1 7.5 1.1 15.2 -0.2 3.5 JV Dij Ui j 1.5 10.5 5.0 12.5 0.9 10.5 3.2 14.5 2.6 10.6 1.9 10.7 1.8 10.7 2.0 12.6 3.0 18.3 1.7 10.7 SP Dij Ui j -0.3 2.6 3.2 7.3 -0.9 2.8 1.4 10.3 0.8 3.0 0.1 3.4 -1.8 10.7 0.2 7.4 1.2 15.2 -0.1 3.4 NMC Dij Ui j -0.5 7.1 3.0 9.9 -1.1 7.2 1.2 12.3 0.6 7.3 -0.1 7.5 -2.0 12.6 -0.2 7.4 1.0 16.6 -0.3 7.5 NPL Dij Ui j -1.5 15.1 2.0 16.6 -2.1 15.1 0.2 18.1 -0.4 15.1 -1.1 15.2 -3.0 18.3 -1.2 15.2 -1.0 16.6 -1.3 15.2 VNIIM Dij Ui j -0.2 2.7 3.3 7.4 -0.8 2.8 1.5 10.3 0.9 3.1 0.2 3.5 -1.7 10.7 0.1 3.4 0.3 7.5 1.3 15.2 33(67) Table 7. Degrees of equivalence 10 mA, 100 kHz NMIA NIST NRC INTI NMIA Dij Uij Dij Uij -6.8 10.1 Di j Ui j 0.9 2.1 Di j Ui j -0.8 20.1 NIST 6.8 10.1 7.6 10.0 6.0 22.4 NRC -0.9 2.1 -7.6 10.0 -1.6 20.1 INTI 0.8 20.1 -6.0 22.4 1.6 20.1 PTB 0.8 2.4 -6.0 10.1 1.6 2.2 0.0 20.1 BEV 0.4 3.6 -6.4 10.5 1.2 3.5 -0.4 20.3 JV -3.2 12.6 -10.0 16.0 -2.4 12.6 -4.0 23.6 SP 0.2 3.6 -6.6 10.5 1.0 3.5 -0.6 20.3 NMC 1.8 12.1 -5.0 15.6 2.6 12.1 1.0 23.4 NPL 2.8 22.1 -4.0 24.2 3.6 22.1 2.0 29.8 VNIIM 0.1 2.9 -6.7 10.3 0.9 2.8 -0.7 20.2 PTB Dij Uij -0.8 2.4 6.0 10.1 -1.6 2.2 0.0 20.1 -0.4 3.7 -4.0 12.7 -0.6 3.7 1.0 12.2 2.0 22.1 -0.7 3.0 BEV Dij Uij -0.4 3.6 6.4 10.5 -1.2 3.5 0.4 20.3 0.4 3.7 -3.6 13.0 -0.2 4.6 1.4 12.5 2.4 22.3 -0.3 4.1 JV Dij Ui j 3.2 12.6 10.0 16.0 2.4 12.6 4.0 23.6 4.0 12.7 3.6 13.0 3.4 13.0 5.0 17.4 6.0 25.3 3.3 12.8 SP Dij Ui j -0.2 3.6 6.6 10.5 -1.0 3.5 0.6 20.3 0.6 3.7 0.2 4.6 -3.4 13.0 1.6 12.5 2.6 22.3 -0.1 4.1 NMC Dij Uij -1.8 12.1 5.0 15.6 -2.6 12.1 -1.0 23.4 -1.0 12.2 -1.4 12.5 -5.0 17.4 -1.6 12.5 1.0 25.1 -1.7 12.3 NPL Dij Ui j -2.8 22.1 4.0 24.2 -3.6 22.1 -2.0 29.8 -2.0 22.1 -2.4 22.3 -6.0 25.3 -2.6 22.3 -1.0 25.1 -2.7 22.2 VNIIM Dij Ui j -0.1 2.9 6.7 10.3 -0.9 2.8 0.7 20.2 0.7 3.0 0.3 4.1 -3.3 12.8 0.1 4.1 1.7 12.3 2.7 22.2 Table 8. Degrees of equivalence 5 A, 10 Hz NMIA NIST NRC Di j Ui j Di j Ui j Di j Ui j NMIA -3.7 19.4 -0.6 15.5 NIST 3.7 19.4 3.1 24.1 NRC 0.6 15.5 -3.1 24.1 INTI 1.9 8.9 -1.8 20.5 1.3 16.9 PTB 0.7 7.2 -3.0 19.8 0.1 16.0 BEV 1.2 4.5 -2.5 19.0 0.6 15.0 JV 5.7 44.8 2.0 48.5 5.1 47.1 SP 0.2 6.3 -3.5 19.5 -0.4 15.6 NMC -1.3 25.3 -5.0 31.3 -1.9 29.1 NPL -25.3 56.2 -29.0 59.1 -25.9 58.0 VNIIM -1.3 5.6 -5.0 19.3 -1.9 15.4 INTI Di j Ui j -1.9 8.9 1.8 20.5 -1.3 16.9 -1.2 9.8 -0.7 8.0 3.8 45.3 -1.7 9.1 -3.2 26.2 -27.2 56.6 -3.2 8.7 PTB Di j Ui j -0.7 7.2 3.0 19.8 -0.1 16.0 1.2 9.8 0.5 6.0 5.0 45.0 -0.5 7.5 -2.0 25.6 -26.0 56.3 -2.0 6.9 BEV Di j Ui j -1.2 4.5 2.5 19.0 -0.6 15.0 0.7 8.0 -0.5 6.0 4.5 44.6 -1.0 4.9 -2.5 25.0 -26.5 56.0 -2.5 4.0 JV Dij Ui j -5.7 44.8 -2.0 48.5 -5.1 47.1 -3.8 45.3 -5.0 45.0 -4.5 44.6 -5.5 44.9 -7.0 51.1 -31.0 71.6 -7.0 44.8 SP Dij Ui j -0.2 6.3 3.5 19.5 0.4 15.6 1.7 9.1 0.5 7.5 1.0 4.9 5.5 44.9 -1.5 25.4 -25.5 56.2 -1.5 6.0 NMC Dij Ui j 1.3 25.3 5.0 31.3 1.9 29.1 3.2 26.2 2.0 25.6 2.5 25.0 7.0 51.1 1.5 25.4 -24.0 61.3 0.0 25.2 NPL Dij Ui j 25.3 56.2 29.0 59.1 25.9 58.0 27.2 56.6 26.0 56.3 26.5 56.0 31.0 71.6 25.5 56.2 24.0 61.3 24.0 56.1 VNIIM Dij Ui j 1.3 5.6 5.0 19.3 1.9 15.4 3.2 8.7 2.0 6.9 2.5 4.0 7.0 44.8 1.5 6.0 0.0 25.2 -24.0 56.1 34(67) Table 9. Degrees of equivalence 5 A, 55 Hz NMIA NIST NRC INTI Dij Uij Di j Uij Di j Ui j Dij Uij NMIA -3.8 18.4 0.4 14.5 1.4 7.9 NIST 3.8 18.4 4.2 22.7 5.2 19.2 NRC -0.4 14.5 -4.2 22.7 1.0 15.5 INTI -1.4 7.9 -5.2 19.2 -1.0 15.5 PTB -0.2 5.4 -4.0 18.3 0.2 14.4 1.2 7.8 BEV -0.2 4.1 -4.0 18.0 0.2 14.0 1.2 7.0 JV 1.6 13.8 -2.2 22.3 2.0 19.2 3.0 14.9 SP -0.9 5.5 -4.7 18.4 -0.5 14.5 0.5 7.9 NMC -1.2 25.3 -5.0 30.7 -0.8 28.6 0.2 25.9 INMETRO -1.2 91.1 -5.0 92.8 -0.8 92.1 0.2 91.3 NPL 7.8 25.3 4.0 30.8 8.2 28.7 9.2 26.0 VNIIM -2.6 5.4 -6.4 18.3 -2.2 14.4 -1.2 7.8 PTB Dij Uij 0.2 5.4 4.0 18.3 -0.2 14.4 -1.2 7.8 0.0 4.0 1.8 13.8 -0.7 5.5 -1.0 25.2 -1.0 91.1 8.0 25.3 -2.4 5.3 BEV Di j Ui j 0.2 4.1 4.0 18.0 -0.2 14.0 -1.2 7.0 0.0 4.0 1.8 13.4 -0.7 4.2 -1.0 25.0 -1.0 91.0 8.0 25.1 -2.4 4.0 JV Di j Ui j -1.6 13.8 2.2 22.3 -2.0 19.2 -3.0 14.9 -1.8 13.8 -1.8 13.4 -2.5 13.9 -2.8 28.3 -2.8 92.0 6.2 28.3 -4.2 13.8 SP Dij Uij 0.9 5.5 4.7 18.4 0.5 14.5 -0.5 7.9 0.7 5.5 0.7 4.2 2.5 13.9 -0.3 25.3 -0.3 91.1 8.7 25.4 -1.7 5.5 NMC Di j Ui j 1.2 25.3 5.0 30.7 0.8 28.6 -0.2 25.9 1.0 25.2 1.0 25.0 2.8 28.3 0.3 25.3 0.0 94.4 9.0 35.4 -1.4 25.2 INMETRO Di j Ui j 1.2 91.1 5.0 92.8 0.8 92.1 -0.2 91.3 1.0 91.1 1.0 91.0 2.8 92.0 0.3 91.1 0.0 94.4 9.0 94.4 -1.4 91.1 NPL Dij Uij -7.8 25.3 -4.0 30.8 -8.2 28.7 -9.2 26.0 -8.0 25.3 -8.0 25.1 -6.2 28.3 -8.7 25.4 -9.0 35.4 -9.0 94.4 -10.4 25.3 VNIIM Dij Uij 2.6 5.4 6.4 18.3 2.2 14.4 1.2 7.8 2.4 5.3 2.4 4.0 4.2 13.8 1.7 5.5 1.4 25.2 1.4 91.1 10.4 25.3 Table 10. Degrees of equivalence 5 A, 1 kHz NMIA NIST NRC INTI Di j Uij D i, j U 2 (D i, j) D i, j U 2 (D i, j) D i, j U 2 (D i, j) NMIA -2.4 17.4 1.2 14.5 -2.8 6.2 NIST 2.4 17.4 3.6 21.9 -0.4 17.6 NRC -1.2 14.5 -3.6 21.9 -4.0 14.8 INTI 2.8 6.2 0.4 17.6 4.0 14.8 PTB -0.6 5.4 -3.0 17.4 0.6 14.4 -3.4 6.1 BEV -0.6 4.2 -3.0 17.0 0.6 14.0 -3.4 5.1 JV -1.1 11.4 -3.5 20.0 0.1 17.6 -3.9 11.7 SP -1.5 5.3 -3.9 17.3 -0.3 14.4 -4.3 6.1 NMC -2.6 25.3 -5.0 30.2 -1.4 28.6 -5.4 25.4 INMETRO 23.4 91.1 21.0 92.6 24.6 92.1 20.6 91.1 NPL -2.6 24.3 -5.0 29.4 -1.4 27.8 -5.4 24.5 VNIIM 1.4 5.0 -1.0 17.2 2.6 14.3 -1.4 5.8 PTB D i, j U 2 (D i, j) 0.6 5.4 3.0 17.4 -0.6 14.4 3.4 6.1 0.0 4.1 -0.5 11.3 -0.9 5.3 -2.0 25.3 24.0 91.1 -2.0 24.3 2.0 4.9 BEV D i, j U 2 (D i, j) 0.6 4.2 3.0 17.0 -0.6 14.0 3.4 5.1 0.0 4.1 -0.5 10.8 -0.9 4.0 -2.0 25.0 24.0 91.0 -2.0 24.1 2.0 3.5 JV D i, j U 2 (D i, j) 1.1 11.4 3.5 20.0 -0.1 17.6 3.9 11.7 0.5 11.3 0.5 10.8 -0.4 11.3 -1.5 27.2 24.5 91.6 -1.5 26.3 2.5 11.1 SP D i, j U 2 (D i, j) 1.5 5.3 3.9 17.3 0.3 14.4 4.3 6.1 0.9 5.3 0.9 4.0 0.4 11.3 -1.1 25.2 24.9 91.1 -1.1 24.3 2.9 4.8 NMC D i, j U 2 (D i, j) 2.6 25.3 5.0 30.2 1.4 28.6 5.4 25.4 2.0 25.3 2.0 25.0 1.5 27.2 1.1 25.2 26.0 94.4 0.0 34.7 4.0 25.2 INMETRO D i, j U 2 (D i, j) -23.4 91.1 -21.0 92.6 -24.6 92.1 -20.6 91.1 -24.0 91.1 -24.0 91.0 -24.5 91.6 -24.9 91.1 -26.0 94.4 -26.0 94.1 -22.0 91.1 NPL D i, j U 2 (D i, j) 2.6 24.3 5.0 29.4 1.4 27.8 5.4 24.5 2.0 24.3 2.0 24.1 1.5 26.3 1.1 24.3 0.0 34.7 26.0 94.1 4.0 24.2 VNIIM D i, j U 2 (D i, j) -1.4 5.0 1.0 17.2 -2.6 14.3 1.4 5.8 -2.0 4.9 -2.0 3.5 -2.5 11.1 -2.9 4.8 -4.0 25.2 22.0 91.1 -4.0 24.2 35(67) Table 11. Degrees of equivalence 5 A, 10 kHz NMIA NIST NRC INTI NMIA Di j Ui j Dij Ui j -7.8 17.3 Di j Ui j 1.3 15.4 Di j Ui j 0.3 7.7 NIST 7.8 17.3 9.1 22.5 8.1 18.2 NRC -1.3 15.4 -9.1 22.5 -1.0 16.3 INTI -0.3 7.7 -8.1 18.2 1.0 16.3 PTB -2.2 6.0 -10.0 17.5 -0.9 15.6 -1.9 8.2 BEV -1.4 9.6 -9.2 19.1 -0.1 17.3 -1.1 11.1 JV -1.8 11.8 -9.6 20.2 -0.5 18.6 -1.5 13.0 SP 0.4 5.4 -7.4 17.3 1.7 15.4 0.7 7.8 NMC -1.2 25.2 -9.0 30.1 0.1 29.0 -0.9 25.8 INMETRO 119.8 96.1 112.0 97.5 121.1 97.2 120.1 96.3 NPL -7.2 22.4 -15.0 27.8 -5.9 26.6 -6.9 23.1 VNIIM 4.6 4.6 -3.2 17.1 5.9 15.1 4.9 7.2 PTB Di j Ui j 2.2 6.0 10.0 17.5 0.9 15.6 1.9 8.2 0.8 10.0 0.4 12.1 2.6 6.1 1.0 25.4 122.0 96.1 -5.0 22.6 6.8 5.3 BEV Di j Ui j 1.4 9.6 9.2 19.1 0.1 17.3 1.1 11.1 -0.8 10.0 -0.4 14.2 1.8 9.6 0.2 26.4 121.2 96.4 -5.8 23.8 6.0 9.2 JV Di j Ui j 1.8 11.8 9.6 20.2 0.5 18.6 1.5 13.0 -0.4 12.1 0.4 14.2 2.2 11.8 0.6 27.3 121.6 96.7 -5.4 24.7 6.4 11.5 SP Di j Ui j -0.4 5.4 7.4 17.3 -1.7 15.4 -0.7 7.8 -2.6 6.1 -1.8 9.6 -2.2 11.8 -1.6 25.2 119.4 96.1 -7.6 22.4 4.2 4.7 NMC Di j Ui j 1.2 25.2 9.0 30.1 -0.1 29.0 0.9 25.8 -1.0 25.4 -0.2 26.4 -0.6 27.3 1.6 25.2 121.0 99.2 -6.0 33.3 5.8 25.1 INMETRO Di j Ui j -119.8 96.1 -112.0 97.5 -121.1 97.2 -120.1 96.3 -122.0 96.1 -121.2 96.4 -121.6 96.7 -119.4 96.1 -121.0 99.2 -127.0 98.5 -115.2 96.1 NPL Di j Uij 7.2 22.4 15.0 27.8 5.9 26.6 6.9 23.1 5.0 22.6 5.8 23.8 5.4 24.7 7.6 22.4 6.0 33.3 127.0 98.5 11.8 22.2 VNIIM Di j Ui j -4.6 4.6 3.2 17.1 -5.9 15.1 -4.9 7.2 -6.8 5.3 -6.0 9.2 -6.4 11.5 -4.2 4.7 -5.8 25.1 115.2 96.1 -11.8 22.2 Table 12. Degrees of equivalence 5 A, 20 kHz NMIA NIST NRC Dij Uij Di j Ui j Di j Ui j NMIA -1.3 21.2 -1.1 15.2 NIST 1.3 21.2 0.2 25.5 NRC 1.1 15.2 -0.2 25.5 INTI 1.6 8.4 0.3 22.2 0.5 16.6 PTB -1.7 7.5 -3.0 21.8 -2.8 16.1 BEV 0.3 9.4 -1.0 22.5 -0.8 17.1 JV -1.1 18.9 -2.4 27.9 -2.2 23.7 SP 2.6 5.7 1.3 21.3 1.5 15.4 NMC 0.5 25.1 -0.8 32.4 -0.6 28.9 NPL -0.7 53.2 -2.0 57.0 -1.8 55.1 INTI Di j Ui j -1.6 8.4 -0.3 22.2 -0.5 16.6 -3.3 10.0 -1.3 11.5 -2.7 20.1 1.0 8.7 -1.1 26.0 -2.3 53.6 PTB Di j Ui j 1.7 7.5 3.0 21.8 2.8 16.1 3.3 10.0 2.0 10.8 0.6 19.7 4.3 7.8 2.2 25.7 1.0 53.5 BEV Dij Uij -0.3 9.4 1.0 22.5 0.8 17.1 1.3 11.5 -2.0 10.8 -1.4 20.5 2.3 9.7 0.2 26.3 -1.0 53.8 JV Dij Uij 1.1 18.9 2.4 27.9 2.2 23.7 2.7 20.1 -0.6 19.7 1.4 20.5 3.7 19.1 1.6 31.0 0.4 56.2 SP Dij Uij -2.6 5.7 -1.3 21.3 -1.5 15.4 -1.0 8.7 -4.3 7.8 -2.3 9.7 -3.7 19.1 -2.1 25.2 -3.3 53.2 NMC Di j Ui j -0.5 25.1 0.8 32.4 0.6 28.9 1.1 26.0 -2.2 25.7 -0.2 26.3 -1.6 31.0 2.1 25.2 -1.2 58.6 NPL Di j Ui j 0.7 53.2 2.0 57.0 1.8 55.1 2.3 53.6 -1.0 53.5 1.0 53.8 -0.4 56.2 3.3 53.2 1.2 58.6 36(67) Table 13. Degrees of equivalence 5 A, 50 kHz NMIA NIST NRC Di j Ui j Di j Ui j Dij Uij NMIA -4.5 27.6 -1.9 20.8 NIST 4.5 27.6 2.6 33.1 NRC 1.9 20.8 -2.6 33.1 INTI 6.4 14.2 1.9 29.4 4.5 23.2 PTB 1.5 10.6 -3.0 27.9 -0.4 21.2 BEV 4.6 11.1 0.1 28.1 2.7 21.4 JV 1.0 26.4 -3.5 36.9 -0.9 32.2 SP 6.5 11.5 2.0 28.2 4.6 21.6 NMC 0.7 25.6 -3.7 36.4 -1.1 31.5 NPL -18.5 84.4 -23.0 88.2 -20.4 86.3 INTI Dij Uij -6.4 14.2 -1.9 29.4 -4.5 23.2 -4.9 14.8 -1.8 15.1 -5.4 28.4 0.1 15.4 -5.6 27.6 -24.9 85.0 PTB Dij Uij -1.5 10.6 3.0 27.9 0.4 21.2 4.9 14.8 3.1 11.9 -0.5 26.8 5.0 12.2 -0.7 26.0 -20.0 84.5 BEV Di j Ui j -4.6 11.1 -0.1 28.1 -2.7 21.4 1.8 15.1 -3.1 11.9 -3.6 27.0 1.9 12.6 -3.8 26.2 -23.1 84.5 JV Di j Ui j -1.0 26.4 3.5 36.9 0.9 32.2 5.4 28.4 0.5 26.8 3.6 27.0 5.5 27.1 -0.2 35.5 -19.5 87.9 SP Dij Uij -6.5 11.5 -2.0 28.2 -4.6 21.6 -0.1 15.4 -5.0 12.2 -1.9 12.6 -5.5 27.1 -5.7 26.3 -25.0 84.6 NMC Dij Uij -0.7 25.6 3.7 36.4 1.1 31.5 5.6 27.6 0.7 26.0 3.8 26.2 0.2 35.5 5.7 26.3 -19.3 87.6 NPL Di j Ui j 18.5 84.4 23.0 88.2 20.4 86.3 24.9 85.0 20.0 84.5 23.1 84.5 19.5 87.9 25.0 84.6 19.3 87.6 Table 14. Degrees of equivalence 5 A, 100 kHz NMIA NIST NRC INTI PTB BEV JV SP NMC NPL NMIA Di j Ui j Di j Ui j 20.8 34.2 Di j Ui j 6.4 32.3 Di j Ui j -5.0 23.7 Di j Ui j Di j Ui j -4.2 14.2 -11.1 15.4 Di j Ui j Di j Ui j -1.4 40.2 -14.2 17.5 Di j Ui j -0.1 44.9 Di j Ui j 9.8 166.4 NIST -20.8 34.2 -14.4 44.6 -25.8 38.8 -25.0 33.9 -31.9 34.4 -22.2 50.6 -35.0 35.4 -20.9 54.4 -11.0 169.2 NRC -6.4 32.3 14.4 44.6 -11.4 37.2 -10.6 31.9 -17.5 32.5 -7.8 49.4 -20.6 33.5 -6.5 53.2 3.4 168.9 INTI 5.0 23.7 25.8 38.8 11.4 37.2 0.8 23.3 -6.1 24.1 3.6 44.3 -9.2 25.4 4.9 48.5 14.8 167.5 PTB 4.2 14.2 25.0 33.9 10.6 31.9 -0.8 23.3 -6.9 14.7 2.8 39.9 -10.0 16.8 4.1 44.6 14.0 166.4 BEV 11.1 15.4 31.9 34.4 17.5 32.5 6.1 24.1 6.9 14.7 9.7 40.4 -3.1 17.9 11.0 45.1 20.9 166.5 JV 1.4 40.2 22.2 50.6 7.8 49.4 -3.6 44.3 -2.8 39.9 -9.7 40.4 -12.8 41.2 1.3 58.4 11.2 170.6 SP 14.2 17.5 35.0 35.4 20.6 33.5 9.2 25.4 10.0 16.8 3.1 17.9 12.8 41.2 14.1 45.8 24.0 166.7 NMC 0.1 44.9 20.9 54.4 6.5 53.2 -4.9 48.5 -4.1 44.6 -11.0 45.1 -1.3 58.4 -14.1 45.8 9.9 171.7 NPL -9.8 166.4 11.0 169.2 -3.4 168.9 -14.8 167.5 -14.0 166.4 -20.9 166.5 -11.2 170.6 -24.0 166.7 -9.9 171.7 Appendix 2. Uncertainty Budgets NMIA, Australia Measurement Current : 10 mA 37(67) Contribution of: Reference Pot TCC Type A Connectors Measurement Setup Bead Leakage Combined unc (k =1): Expanded unc: 10 Hz 0.9 0.1 0.4 0 1.0 1.0 2.0 55 Hz 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0.4 0.5 1.0 Standard Uncertainty ( A/A) at frequency 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 50 kHz 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 100 kHz 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.5 Type A or B B A B B B 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.8 Distribution Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Measurement Current : 5 A Contribution of: 5 A Reference Reference TVC Type A Connectors Measurement Setup (a) TVC Pot Resistor Type A Measurement Setup Current Dependence (b) Shunt (c) Loading Effect (d) Stability Comparison Measurements Reference Total (a)…(d) Type A Measurement Setup Connectors Combined unc (k=1): Expanded unc: 10 Hz 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.7 1 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.5 0.1 1 0.2 0.4 0.2 2.0 2.3 4.5 55 Hz 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 0.8 0.2 0.8 1.5 0.1 1 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.9 2.0 4.1 Standard Uncertainty ( A/A) at frequency 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz Type A or B 100 kHz 0.4 0.4 0.4 1 1.5 B 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 A 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.8 B 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 B 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.8 1 1 1 2.2 2.2 B 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.6 A 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 B 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.8 B 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.6 3.3 B 0.1 0.1 0.5 2.0 4.0 B 1 1 1 1 1 B 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 B 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 A 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 B 1.9 1.9 2.0 3.7 5.6 B 2.0 2.1 2.3 4.0 6.0 4.1 4.2 4.5 8.0 12.0 Distribution Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal NIST, USA 38(67) Remarks: 10 mA current converter calibrated using 3D multijunction thermal converter primary standard and single junction reference standard. 5 A converter calibrated using precision bifilar shunt in combination with reference thermoelement. Measurement Current : 10 mA Contribution of: 10 Hz Primary/Reference Standards (includes buildup from primary standards and 0.58 frequency extension from 1 kHz) Pooled Standard Deviation for primary intercomparisons 0.50 and reference buildup NIST Comparator System 2.20 Uncertainties for NIST standards Stability 2.50 Bead 1.00 Reproducibility 1.00 Total contribution from NIST 3.70 standards (k = 1) Comparison of CCEM-K12 to NIST standards Pooled Standard Deviation for CCEM-K12 comparison 0.70 NIST Comparator System 2.20 Stability of CCEM-K12 0.60 Combined unc (k=1) 4.40 Expanded unc: 8.80 Standard Uncertainty / 10-6 at frequency 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.89 1.64 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.45 1.11 0.68 0.68 0.68 1.06 1.70 0.75 0.75 0.75 1.70 0.80 0.20 0.20 0.70 2.00 1.00 0.80 0.80 0.80 1.00 2.45 1.40 1.40 1.74 3.45 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.30 1.11 0.68 0.68 0.68 1.06 0.70 0.67 0.49 0.67 0.49 2.92 1.92 1.82 2.14 3.65 5.84 3.84 3.63 4.28 7.30 100 kHz 1.80 0.55 1.31 2.00 2.90 1.25 4.38 0.30 1.31 1.34 4.77 9.55 Type A or B B A B B B B B A B B Distribution Normal Normal Normal Uniform Uniform Uniform Normal Normal Normal Uniform 39(67) Measurement Current : 5 A Contribution of: 10 Hz Primary/Reference Standards (includes buildup from primary 7.70 standards – 8 steps) Pooled Standard Deviation for primary intercomparisons 1.71 and reference buildup NIST Comparator System 2.30 Uncertainties for NIST standards Level Coefficient 2.20 Stability 2.50 Bead 0.50 Proximity Effect 1.00 Reproducibility 1.00 Total contribution from NIST 8.99 standards (k = 1) Comparison of CCEM-K12 to NIST standards Pooled Standard Deviation for CCEM-K12 comparison 0.70 NIST Comparator System 2.30 Stability of CCEM-K12 0.60 Combined unc (k=1) 9.32 Expanded unc: 18.65 Standard Uncertainty / 10-6 at frequency 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 7.70 7.70 7.70 9.20 12.00 1.25 0.90 1.00 1.20 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.30 2.30 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.70 0.75 0.75 0.75 1.70 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.80 0.80 0.80 1.00 8.60 8.40 8.41 9.99 13.10 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.30 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.30 2.30 0.70 8.90 17.81 0.67 8.71 17.41 0.49 8.69 17.39 0.67 10.30 20.60 0.49 13.31 26.62 100 kHz 15.20 2.00 2.30 2.90 2.00 4.00 1.25 1.25 16.50 0.30 2.30 1.34 16.71 33.43 Type A or B B A B B B B B B A B B Distribution Normal Normal Normal Uniform Uniform Uniform Uniform Uniform Normal Normal Normal Uniform NRC, Canada 40(67) INTI, Argentina Measurement Current : 10 mA Contribution of: Standard deviation of 12 measurements AC-DC transfer difference of the standard Measuring setup Stability of Keithley 182-1 Stability of Keithley 182-2 AC-DC transfer difference due to connectors Combined unc (k=1) Expanded unc: 10 Hz 0,2 3,0 0,4 6,1·10-11 3,9·10-11 0,1 3,0 6,0 Measurement Current : 5 A 55 Hz 0,2 3,0 0,4 6,1·10-11 3,9·10-11 0,1 3,0 6,0 Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 0,2 0,2 0,2 1,0 0,4 6,1·10-11 3,9·10-11 1,0 0,6 6,1·10-11 3,9·10-11 2,0 0,9 6,1·10-11 3,9·10-11 0,1 0,1 0,1 1,1 1,2 2,2 2,2 2,4 4,4 50 kHz 0,2 5,0 0,8 6,1·10-11 3,9·10-11 0,1 5,0 10,0 100 kHz 0,2 10,0 1,5 6,1·10-11 3,9·10-11 0,1 10,1 20,2 Type A or B Distribution A n B n A n B r B r B r Contribution of: Standard deviation of 12 measurements AC-DC transfer difference of the standard 10 Hz 1,0 3,7 55 Hz 0,4 3,4 Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 0,8 0,9 0,8 2,2 3,5 3,9 50 kHz 1,0 6,1 100 kHz 1,0 10,7 Type A or B Distribution A n B n 41(67) Stability of Keithley 182-1 6,1·10-11 6,1·10-11 6,1·10-11 6,1·10-11 6,1·10-11 6,1·10-11 6,1·10-11 B r Stability of Keithley 182-2 3,9·10-11 3,9·10-11 3,9·10-11 3,9·10-11 3,9·10-11 3,9·10-11 3,9·10-11 B r AC-DC transfer difference due to 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,5 B r connectors Combined unc (k=1) 3,8 3,4 2,3 3,5 3,9 6,2 10,7 Expanded unc: 7,6 6,8 4,6 7,0 7,8 12,4 21,4 42(67) 43(67) PTB, Germany The following sources of uncertainties have been taken into account [3]: Comparison at 10 mA Model equation: = Q+C with Q: Transfer difference of the calculable QPMJTC C: Measured transfer difference in comparison additional uncertainties: uA: Standard deviation of twelve comparisons uM: Maximum deviation from the mean when using different setups At frequencies below 1kHz the transfer difference has been additionally determined as described in [4]. 44(67) 10 Hz Parameter Xi Q C Standard deviation Max. dev. from mean 55 Hz Parameter Xi Q C Standard deviation Max. dev. from mean 1000 Hz Parameter Xi Q C Standard deviation Max. dev. from mean 10.000 Hz Parameter Xi Q C Standard deviation Max. dev. from mean xi or si Distribution u(xi) ci 0,3 µA/A normal 0,30 µA/A 1 0,1 µA/A normal 0,10 µA/A 1 0,7 µA/A normal 0,20 µA/A 1 2,0 µA/A rectangular 1,15 µA/A 1 xi or si Distribution u(xi) ci 0,2 µA/A normal 0,20 µA/A 1 0,1 µA/A 0,7 µA/A 1,0 µA/A normal normal rectangular 0,10 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,58 µA/A 1 xi or si Distribution u(xi) ci 0,0 µA/A normal 0,00 µA/A 1 0,1 µA/A 0,7 µA/A 1,0 µA/A normal normal rectangular 0,10 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,58 µA/A 1 xi or si Distribution u(xi) ci 0,0 µA/A normal 0,00 µA/A 1 0,1 µA/A 0,7 µA/A 1,0 µA/A normal normal rectangular 0,10 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,58 µA/A 1 ui(y) ui2(y) eff i ui4(y)/eff i 0,30 µA/A 0,090 (µA/A)² 50 1,620E-4 (µA/A)^4 0,10 µA/A 0,010 (µA/A)² 50 2,000E-6 (µA/A)^4 0,20 µA/A 0,041 (µA/A)² 11 1,516E-4 (µA/A)^4 1,15 µA/A 1,21 µA/A 2,43 µA/A 1,333 (µA/A)² 10.000 1,474 (µA/A)² 4.405 k=2 1,778E-4 (µA/A)^4 4,934E-4 (µA/A)^4 ui(y) ui2(y) eff i ui4(y)/eff i 0,20 µA/A 0,040 (µA/A)² 50 3,200E-5 (µA/A)^4 0,10 µA/A 0,20 µA/A 0,58 µA/A 0,65 µA/A 1,30 µA/A 0,010 (µA/A)² 50 0,041 (µA/A)² 11 0,333 (µA/A)² 10.000 0,424 (µA/A)² 915 k=2 2,000E-6 (µA/A)^4 1,516E-4 (µA/A)^4 1,111E-5 (µA/A)^4 1,967E-4 (µA/A)^4 ui(y) ui2(y) eff i ui4(y)/eff i 0,00 µA/A 0,000 (µA/A)² 50 0,000E+0 (µA/A)^4 0,10 µA/A 0,20 µA/A 0,58 µA/A 0,62 µA/A 1,24 µA/A 0,010 (µA/A)² 50 0,041 (µA/A)² 11 0,333 (µA/A)² 10.000 0,384 (µA/A)² 896 k=2 2,000E-6 (µA/A)^4 1,516E-4 (µA/A)^4 1,111E-5 (µA/A)^4 1,647E-4 (µA/A)^4 ui(y) ui2(y) eff i ui4(y)/eff i 0,00 µA/A 0,000 (µA/A)² 50 0,000E+0 (µA/A)^4 0,10 µA/A 0,20 µA/A 0,58 µA/A 0,62 µA/A 1,24 µA/A 0,010 (µA/A)² 50 0,041 (µA/A)² 11 0,333 (µA/A)² 10.000 0,384 (µA/A)² 896 k=2 2,000E-6 (µA/A)^4 1,516E-4 (µA/A)^4 1,111E-5 (µA/A)^4 1,647E-4 (µA/A)^4 45(67) Comparison at 5 A Model equation: = Q + C = Step-1 + C for the first step, then with Q: Transfer difference of the calculable QPMJTC Step-1: Transfer difference of the step before C: Measured transfer difference in comparison additional uncertainties: ulev: uLF: uA: uM: Uncertainty due to level dependence of shunts Uncertainty due to low frequency behavior of PMJTC Standard deviation of twelve comparisons Maximum deviation from the mean when using different step-ups The simplified budget for the step-up to 5 A looks as follows: Influencing Std. meas. uncertainty u in µA/A at the frequencies in kHz quantity Q117-ITee 0,01 0,055 0 1 10 20 50 u(Chip) u(Connector) 0,3 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 u(S) U(S) k=2 0,30 0,20 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1 11111 30 mA (PMJTC + JV30mA vs. Q117) 100 0,0 0,1 0,10 1 200 0,0 0,2 0,20 1 500 1.000 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,7 0,41 0,73 1 2 u(Q117) u(A) u(C) u(10mA) U(10mA) k=2 0,3 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,51 0,30 0,22 0,22 0,22 0,22 0,24 0,30 0,5 0,8 2 22222 2 23 4 100 mA (PMJTC + JV100mA vs. Q117) u(Q117) u(A) u(C) levy uLF 0,3 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 u(mA) U(mA) k=2 0,68 0,36 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,30 0,32 0,36 0,6 1,0 2 22222 2 23 5 300 mA (PMJTC + JV300mA vs. PMJTC + JV100mA) u(Step-1) u(A) u(C) levy uLF 0,7 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,6 1,0 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,7 1,0 0,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 u(mA) U(mA) k=2 1,0 0,55 0,42 0,51 0,51 0,51 0,66 0,68 1,0 1,5 2 22222 2 23 5 1 A (PMJTC + JV1A vs. PMJTC + JV300mA) u(Step-1) u(A) u(C) levy uLF 1,0 0,5 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,7 1,0 1,5 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,5 1,5 2,0 3,0 0,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 u(A) U(A) k=2 1,5 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,7 1,7 2,3 3,4 4 33333 4 45 8 3 A (PMJTC + JV3A vs. PMJTC + JV1A) u(Step-1) u(A) u(C) levy uLF u(A) U(1A) k=2 1,5 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,7 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,5 2,0 3,0 3,5 0,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,9 1,6 1,5 1,9 2,3 3,2 3,9 4 44457 8 46(67) 5 A (PMJTC + JV5A vs. PMJTC + JV3A) u(Step-1) u(A) u(C) levy uLF u(A) U(5A) k=2 1,9 1,6 1,5 1,9 2,3 3,2 3,9 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,5 2,0 3,0 3,5 0,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 2,2 1,9 1,8 2,4 3,1 4,4 5,2 5 4 4 5 7 9 11 47(67) This leads to the budgets for the comparison at 5 A: 10 Hz Parameter Xi Step-up C Standard deviation Max. dev. from mean 55 Hz Parameter Xi Step-up C Standard deviation Max. dev. from mean 1000 Hz Parameter Xi Step-up C Standard deviation Max. dev. from mean 10.000 Hz Parameter Xi Step-up C Standard deviation Max. dev. from mean xi or si Distribution 2,2 µA/A normal 0,2 µA/A normal 1,4 µA/A normal 2,0 µA/A rectangular u(xi) ci 2,20 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,40 µA/A 1 1,15 µA/A 1 xi or si Distribution 1,9 µA/A normal 0,2 µA/A normal 0,7 µA/A normal 1,0 µA/A rectangular u(xi) ci 1,90 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,58 µA/A 1 xi or si Distribution 1,8 µA/A normal 0,2 µA/A normal 0,7 µA/A normal 1,0 µA/A rectangular u(xi) ci 1,80 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,58 µA/A 1 xi or si Distribution 2,4 µA/A normal 0,2 µA/A normal 0,7 µA/A normal 1,0 µA/A rectangular u(xi) ci 2,40 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,20 µA/A 1 0,58 µA/A 1 ui(y) ui2(y) eff i ui4(y)/eff i 2,20 µA/A 4,840 (µA/A)² 50 4,685E-1 (µA/A)^4 0,20 µA/A 0,040 (µA/A)² 50 3,200E-5 (µA/A)^4 0,40 µA/A 0,163 (µA/A)² 11 2,425E-3 (µA/A)^4 1,15 µA/A 2,53 µA/A 5,05 µA/A 1,333 (µA/A)² 10.000 6,377 (µA/A)² 86 k=2 1,778E-4 (µA/A)^4 4,711E-1 (µA/A)^4 ui(y) 1,90 µA/A 0,20 µA/A 0,20 µA/A 0,58 µA/A 2,01 µA/A 4,01 µA/A ui2(y) eff i 3,610 (µA/A)² 50 0,040 (µA/A)² 50 0,041 (µA/A)² 11 0,333 (µA/A)² 10.000 4,024 (µA/A)² 62 k=2 ui4(y)/eff i 2,606E-1 (µA/A)^4 3,200E-5 (µA/A)^4 1,516E-4 (µA/A)^4 1,111E-5 (µA/A)^4 2,608E-1 (µA/A)^4 ui(y) 1,80 µA/A 0,20 µA/A 0,20 µA/A 0,58 µA/A 1,91 µA/A 3,82 µA/A ui2(y) eff i 3,240 (µA/A)² 50 0,040 (µA/A)² 50 0,041 (µA/A)² 11 0,333 (µA/A)² 10.000 3,654 (µA/A)² 64 k=2 ui4(y)/eff i 2,100E-1 (µA/A)^4 3,200E-5 (µA/A)^4 1,516E-4 (µA/A)^4 1,111E-5 (µA/A)^4 2,101E-1 (µA/A)^4 ui(y) 2,40 µA/A 0,20 µA/A 0,20 µA/A 0,58 µA/A 2,48 µA/A 4,97 µA/A ui2(y) eff i 5,760 (µA/A)² 50 0,040 (µA/A)² 50 0,041 (µA/A)² 11 0,333 (µA/A)² 10.000 6,174 (µA/A)² 57 k=2 ui4(y)/eff i 6,636E-1 (µA/A)^4 3,200E-5 (µA/A)^4 1,516E-4 (µA/A)^4 1,111E-5 (µA/A)^4 6,637E-1 (µA/A)^4 References 1 Scarioni, L. “High Frequency Thin-Film Converter on a Quartz Crystal Chip,” Doctoral Thesis, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, 2003. 48(67) [2] Scarioni, L.; Klonz, M.; Funck, T., “Quartz planar multijunction thermal converter as a new ac-dc current transfer standard up to 1 MHz“ IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54 (2005), 2, 799 – 802 3 Klonz, M.; Laiz, H.; Spiegel, T.; Bittel, P., “AC-DC Current Transfer Step-Up and Step-Down Calibration and Uncertainty Calculation,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 51, (2002), 2, 1027 - 1034 [4] Funck, T.; Kampik, M.; Kessler, E.; Klonz, M.; Laiz, H.; Lapuh, R., “Determination of the ac-dc voltage transfer difference of high voltage transfer standards at low frequencies“ IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54 (2005), 2, 807 – 809 BEV, Austria 49(67) Measurement Current : 10 mA Contribution of: 10 Hz BEV - standard 0.5 standard-deviation 0.3 tee connector 0 reproducibility 0.3 nanovoltmeter 1 0.5 nanovoltmeter 2 0.6 different NVM 0 dc effects 0.3 Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 100 kHz 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.3 Type A or B B A B B B B B B Distribution normal normal rectangular rectangular rectangular rectangular rectangular rectangular Combined unc 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.7 (k=1): Expanded unc: 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.6 3.4 Measurement Current : 5 A Contribution of: 10 Hz BEV - standard 0.3 standard-deviation 0.3 reproducibility 0.3 nanovoltmeter 1 0.2 nanovoltmeter 2 0.8 sensitivity 0 different NVM 0 dc effects 0.3 Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 0.3 0.3 4.3 4.3 4.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 100 kHz 6.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.1 1.3 0.3 Type A or B B A B B B B B B Distribution normal normal rectangular rectangular rectangular rectangular rectangular rectangular Combined unc 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.5 4.5 4.8 6.3 (k=1): Expanded unc: 2.0 2.0 2.0 9.0 9.0 9.6 12.6 JV, Norway Uncertainty calculations have been performed according to the guidelines in “Guide to the Uncertainties in Measurements”. The main uncertainty contributions at each frequency are uref ustep Smobj uncertainty in the reference standard. total uncertainty resulting from current step-up. This can be decomposed into sm Standard deviation of the mean uT Unsymmetry of “T” connection. This is considered to accumulate linearly. ulin Lienarity and drift of DVM usf Uncertainty from scale factors uP Power dependency (only relevant below 100 Hz for PMJTCs) Standard deviation in the mean for the object measurement. In addition one contribution from each of uT, ulin and usf for the measurement of the object. For 10 mA, 10 Hz, the uncertainty calculation is shown in table 3, and 5 A,10 Hz in table 4. The calculations for 5 A, 100 kHz are shown in table 5. Est. Value Estimated [µA/A] Distribution Sensitivity Contribution Deg. of freed. sm 0,49 1 1 0,49 9 u ref 6 1 1 6 1,00E+02 u lin 1 1 1 1 1,00E+02 u sf 0,40 1 1 0,4 9 uP 0,1 1 1 0,1 1,00E+02 uT 0,2 1 1 0,2 1,00E+02 Standard uncertainty (k=1): 6,32 9,1E+06 Table 3. 10 mA, 10 Hz uncertainty calculation sm u ref + u step u lin u sf uP uT Est. Value [µA/A] Distribution 0,40 1 Estimated Sensitivity Contribution Deg. of freed. 1 0,40 9 22,03 1 1 22,03 1,00E+03 1 1 1 1 1,00E+02 0,40 1 1 0,4 9 0,1 1 1 0,1 1,00E+02 0,2 1 1 Standard uncertainty (k=1): 0,2 22,26 1,00E+02 4,2E+06 Table 4. 5A, 10 Hz uncertainty calculations. 50(67) sm u ref + u step u lin u sf uP uT Est. Value [µA/A] Distribution 0,47 1 Estimated Sensitivity Contribution Deg. of freed. 1 0,47 9 17,30 1 1 17,30 1,00E+03 1 1 1 1 1,00E+02 0,40 1 1 0,4 9 0,1 1 1 0,1 1,00E+02 1,8 1 1 Standard uncertainty (k=1): 1,8 19,14 1,00E+02 7,4E+06 Table 4. 5 A, 100 kHz uncertainty calculations. 51(67) SP, Sweden 52(67) Measurement Current : 10 mA Contribution of: Ac-dc difference 10 mA of SP standard Drift of standard Indicated ac-dc difference Measurement set-up T-connector 10 Hz Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency Type A Distrior B bution 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz 1,2 0,8 0,5 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 B Normal B Rect. 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 1 0,7 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,1 A Normal B Normal B Rect. Combined unc (k=1): Expanded unc: 1,6 1,1 0,8 1,0 1,0 1,2 1,7 3,3 2,2 1,6 2,0 2,1 2,5 3,4 Measurement Current : 5 A Contribution of: Ac-dc difference 5 A of SP standard Drift of standard Indicated ac-dc difference Measurement set-up T-connector 10 Hz Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency Type A Distrior B bution 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz 2,1 1,9 1,8 2,0 2,4 4,5 7,0 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 B Normal B Rect. 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 A Normal 1 0,7 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B Normal B Rect. Combined unc (k=1): Expanded unc: 2,4 2,1 1,9 2,1 2,6 4,6 7,1 4,9 4,2 3,9 4,3 5,1 10 15 53(67) NMC, Singapore Uncertainty evaluation for 10 mA (10-6) Contribution of: 10 Hz Standard Uncertainty / 10-6 at frequency Type A or B D.o.F. Distribution 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Ref standard 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 B Infinite Normal Drift of ref std 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B Infinite Normal Potential effect 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 B 21 Rectangular “n” effect 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B Infinite Normal Type-A Test Repeat. Sys stability 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 A 56 Normal 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.3 A 56 Rectangular 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 B 30 Normal Round-up 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 B Infinite Rectangular Combined unc: 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 5.6 Effective D.o.F. 549 476 388 453 500 439 2989 Expanded unc: 7 7 7 7 7 7 12 k=2 Uncertainty evaluation for 5 A (10-6) Standard Uncertainty / 10-6 Contribution of: at frequency Type A or B D.o.F. 10 Hz 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Distribution Ref standard 12 12 12 12 12 12 22 B D.o.F 288 290 280 289 289 292 223 Potential effect 0.7 0.6 0.1 1.0 0.3 1.7 1.9 B t-distribution 21 Rectangular “n” effect Type-A Test Repeat. Sys stability 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B Infinite Normal 0.25 0.21 0.46 0.28 0.24 0.25 0.27 A 2.0 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 B 56 Normal 56 Rectangular 30 Normal Round-up 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 B Infinite Rectangular Combined unc: 12.0 12.0 11.9 12.0 12.0 12.2 21.8 Effective D.o.F. 304 307 295 306 304 310 227 Expanded unc: 25 25 25 25 25 25 44 k=2 INMETRO, Brazil Measurement Current : 10 mA Contribution of: reproducibility Reference standard n coefficient of standard standard drift set-up procedure: standard voltmeter stability travel. voltmeter stability DC source uncertainty Transconductance amplifier uncertainty connectors AC-DC difference 55 Hz 1 20 50 10 0,5e-3 2,2e-3 10 7 Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency Type A Distribution or B 1 kHz 10 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz 1 1 1 1 20 30 30 38 A Normal B Normal 50 50 50 50 B Rectangular 10 10 15 20 B Rectangular 0,5e-3 0,5e-3 0,5e-3 2,2e-3 2,2e-3 2,2e-3 10 10 3 20 7 10 10 0,5e-3 2,2e-3 3 20 12 B Rectangular B Rectangular B Normal B Rectangular B Rectangular Combined unc (k=1): 13,22 Expanded unc: 27 13,22 27 17,80 36 18,32 42 23,34 51 Measurement Current : 5 A Contribution of: reproducibility Reference standard n coefficient of standard standard drift set-up procedure: standard voltmeter stability travel. voltmeter stability DC source uncertainty amplifier uncertainty connectors AC-DC difference 55 Hz 2 50 50 30 0,5e-3 5,5e-3 16 55 7 Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency 1 kHz 10 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Type A or B Distribution 3 5 6 7 A Normal 50 50 70 117 B Normal 50 50 50 50 B Rectangular 30 40 40 40 B Rectangular 0,5e-3 0,5e-3 0,5e-3 5,5e-3 5,5e-3 5,5e-3 16 3 3 55 50 50 7 10 10 0,5e-3 5,5e-3 3 50 12 B Rectangular B Rectangular B Normal B Rectangular B Rectangular Combined unc (k=1): 31,71 31,71 42,67 49,21 68,08 54(67) Expanded unc: 91 91 96 104 141 55(67) NPL, United Kingdom Table 1 - Bre ak Down of Unce rtainty Calculations for Current Le ve l of 10 mA Divisor 10 Hz 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz Freq Dependant Bridge Errors Rectangular 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Typical Scatter N o rmal 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Freq Dependant Bridge Errors Rectangular 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Typical Scatter N o rmal 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Level Dependancy Rectangular 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Network/Potential of Housing Rectangular 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Repeatability N o rmal 2.0 1.2 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.9 rss x2 11.2 10.7 10.6 12.4 13.5 15.2 De gre e s of Free dom >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 100 kHz 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 10.0 1.9 22.1 >100 Table 2 - Bre ak Down of Unce rtainty Calculations for Curre nt Le ve l of 5 A D i vi sor Build Up Uncertainty Rectangular Level Dependancy Rectangular Network/Potential of Housing Rectangular Freq Dependant Bridge Errors Rectangular 10 Hz 11.0 24.0 7.0 2.0 55 Hz 7.7 6.0 7.0 2.0 1 kHz 9.4 0.0 7.0 2.0 10 kHz 7.8 0.0 7.0 2.0 20 kHz 8.1 0.0 25.0 2.0 50 kHz 10.3 0.0 40.0 2.0 Typical Scatter Repeatability N o rmal N o rmal 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.8 4.3 rss x2 De gre e s of Free dom 55.9 >100 24.5 >100 24.0 >100 21.6 >100 52.9 >100 83.2 >100 100 kHz 13.3 0.0 80.0 2.0 1.0 16.4 165.5 >100 56(67) VNIIM, Russia Measurement Current : 10 mA Contribution of: Reference Standard Setup Capacitance between thermal converters Temperature fluctuations Type A 10 Hz 1.1 0.15 0.07 0.28 0.5 Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency Type A Distrior B bution 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 UB 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 UB 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.15 0.15 UB 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 UB 0.8 0.13 0.56 0.58 0.33 0.51 UA Combined unc (k=1): 1.26 1.41 1.16 1.28 1.29 1.27 1.33 Expanded unc: 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 57(67) Measurement Current : 5 A Contribution of: Reference Standard Setup Temperature fluctuations Capacitance between reference and shunt Type A 10 Hz 1.5 0.15 0.28 0.07 1.3 Standard Uncertainty (A/A) at frequency 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.07 0.07 0.07 1.1 0.73 0.5 Type A Distrior B bution 100 kHz UB UB UB UB UA Combined unc (k=1): 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.6 Expanded unc: 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.6 58(67) CCEM Key International Comparison of AC-DC Current Transfer Standards CCEM-K12 Technical Protocol 1. Scope The Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) states that its technical basis is a set of results obtained in a course of time through key comparisons carried out by the Consultative Committees of the CIPM, the BIPM and the Regional Metrology Organisations (RMOs). As part of this process, the CIPM Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (CCEM) decided at its 23rd meeting in September 2002 on a Key International Comparison of AC-DC Current Transfer Standards CCEM-K12, with the National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA) as the pilot laboratory and the support group consisting of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Justervesenet (JV). 2. Definition of the Measurand Ac-dc current transfer difference is defined as where I ac I dc I dc Iac is an rms ac current, and Idc is a dc current which, when reversed, produces the same mean output response as the rms ac current. Differences are expressed in microamperes per ampere (A/A) and a positive sign signifies that more ac than dc current was required for the same output response. 3. The Travelling Standards 10 mA The travelling standard for the current of 10 mA is a Single-Junction Thermal Converter, Serial Number 1001-2003, manufactured by NMIA. It has the following nominal parameters: Rated Input Current: Heater Resistance: Thermocouple Resistance: Output Voltage at Rated Current: 10 mA 25 7 7.6 mV The Thermal Converter has a UHF-type input connector and a type 10SL-4S output connector. 5A The 5 ampere travelling standard comprises a 0.2 coaxial shunt, Serial No S10 and a 1 V single junction thermal converter, serial number 251 - 2003. Both have been manufactured at NMIA. Their main parameters are as follows: Current Shunt, Serial No S10 Nominal Resistance Power coefficient of resistance Input Connector Output Connector 0.2 <0.5 /W UHF N-female Thermal Converter, Serial No 251 - 2003 Rated Input Voltage: Input Resistance: Thermocouple Resistance: Output Voltage at Rated Voltage: 1V 475 7 6.2 mV 59(67) The 5 A travelling standard is supplied with two Perspex supports, for the Thermal Converter and for the input side of the shunt respectively. When assembled correctly the travelling standard can be positioned firmly on a flat surface (see Figure 1). Figure 2 Physical layout of the 5A travelling standard 60(67) 4. Measurement Conditions Upon receiving the package, check input and output resistances of the two thermal converters. Check also that there is a high resistance (>100 M) between the input and the output. In making these preliminary measurements, make sure not to exceed the nominal current of the thermal converters and 100 V between the heater and the thermocouple. In case of any failure, inform the pilot laboratory immediately. The ac-dc transfer difference is to be measured for the “Lo” position of the travelling standard, i.e. with both its input and output earthed. The connection to earth must remain at all times to protect the thermocouple. Care should be taken not to apply current above nominal, which may destroy the travelling standards. Recommended ambient conditions are temperature (23±1)°C and relative humidity (50±5)%. At least 30 minutes should be allowed for stabilisation after the fist application of current. The measurement frequency should be within 1 % of its nominal value. The frequency and its uncertainty must be reported. Sufficient delay time should be used between successive applications of alternating and direct current. Note that the thermal converter used in the 5A travelling standard has a time constant of approximately 4 seconds. 5. Measuring Scheme The ac-dc difference of each travelling standard should be measured at its nominal current and the following frequencies: Mandatary: 10 Hz, 55 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz Optional: 20 kHz, 50 kHz, 100 kHz. 6. Measurement Uncertainty A detailed uncertainty analysis and an uncertainty budget in accordance with the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement should be reported. To have a more comparable uncertainty evaluation a list of principal uncertainty contributions is given, but the uncertainty contributions will depend on the measuring methods used. reference standard(s); step-up procedure; measuring set-up; level dependence, e.g. due to dc-effects; connectors; temperature; measurement frequency; reproducibility; 61(67) 7. Report of the Comparison Each participant is asked to submit a report within one month after completing the measurements. The report should contain at least the following: Detailed description of the measurement setup and the reference standard; Definition of the measurand; Detailed description of the measurement procedure; A statement of traceability, if the national standard is not considered to be a primary standard The measurement results; The ambient conditions of the measurement: the temperature and the humidity with limits of variation A complete uncertainty budget in accordance with the principles of the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. The participants are also asked to report a summary of the measurement results, Appendix 1. Please also send the report and the summary by e-mail. The pilot laboratory will inform a participating laboratory if there is a large deviation between the results of the laboratory and the preliminary reference values. No other information on the results will be communicated before the completion of the circulation. 8. Transportation and Customs Transportation is at each laboratory’s own responsibility and cost. Due to the time constraints please use a recognised courier service e.g. UPS or DHL for the transport of the travelling standard. Do not use a forwarding agent that does not guarantee an adequate delivery time, inclusive of the time for customs procedure The case will be transported with an ATA Carnet for customs clearance. Please take special care to ensure that the carnet always stays with the package. On receipt of the case, unpack the devices carefully and check for any damage. The list of contents of the packing case should also be checked. Also check carefully that the carnet has been stamped on entry into your country. Before sending the case out, check the packing list and ensure everything is enclosed. Ensure that the carnet is packed outside the case for easy access by Customs and ensure that the carnet is stamped by Customs on exit from your country. 9. Circulation of the Travelling Standards The time schedule is shown in Table 1. As the comparison must to be finished within a reasonable period of time, only six weeks are allowed for each participant, including the time of transportation. Table 1 Schedule for the CCEM-K12 Key Comparison of Ac-dc Current Transfer Dates Laboratory to Mar 2005 NMIA 05 Apr 2005 - 16 May 2005 NRC 17 May 2005 - 27 Jun 2005 INTI 28 Jun 2005 - 08 Aug 2005 NIST 09 Aug 2005 - 19 Sep 2005 PTB 20 Sep 2005 - 31 Oct 2005 BEV 01 Nov 2005 - 12 Dec 2005 JV 13 Dec 2005 - 23 Jan 2006 SP 24 Jan 2006 - 06 Mar 2006 NPL 07 Mar 2006 - 17 Apr 2006 NMIA 18 Apr 2006 - 29 May 2006 VNIIM 30 May 2006 - 10 Jul 2006 SPRING 11 Jul 2006 - 21 Aug 2006 NMIA * Bold letters indicate the pilot laboratory and support group 62(67) If unforeseen circumstances prevent a laboratory from carrying out its measurements within the agreed time period, it should send the travelling standard without delay to the laboratory next in line. If time permits, the laboratory will be able to carry out measurements at a later time. 10. Organisation The pilot laboratory for the comparison is the National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA). The support group consists of Mr Joe Kinard, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA (NIST) and Dr Harald Slinde, Justervesenet, Norway (JV). The travelling standards will be dispatched from NMIA around April 2004 and will return after the completion of each loop. The number of loops will depend on the number of participants. Please inform the pilot laboratory of the arrival of the package by e-mail or fax. Please inform the pilot laboratory again of the details when sending the package to the next participant, and also inform the next participant by e-mail or fax. A relevant fax form is enclosed in Appendix 4. Prepare the transport to the next participant so the travelling standard can be sent immediately after the measurements are completed. Each participating laboratory covers the costs of the measurement, transportation and customs clearance as well as for any damage that may occur within its country. The pilot laboratory covers the overall costs for the organisation of the comparison. The pilot laboratory has no insurance for any loss or damage of the travelling standard. 11. Comparison Coordinator Any questions related to the Comparison should be directed the Comparison Coordinator: Dr Ilya Budovsky National Measurement Institute PO Box 264 Lindfield NSW 2070 Australia phone: (+61 2) 8467 3541 fax: (+61 2) 8467 3783 email: ilya.budovsky@nmi.gov.au 63(67) Appendix 1. Summary of Results CCEM Key International Comparison of AC-DC Current Transfer Standards CCEM-K12 Please also send this information by e-mail. Institute: Date of measurements: Remarks: 64(67) Measurement Results: Current 10 mA 5A 10 Hz Measured ac-dc current difference / 10-6 at frequency 55 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Expanded Uncertainty: Current 10 mA 5A 10 Hz 55 Hz Expanded Uncertainty / 10-6 at frequency 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Measurement Frequency: Current Meas. Frequency Expanded Uncertainty 10 Hz 55 Hz Nominal Frequency 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Environmental parameters: Ambient temperature (ºC) Relative humidity (%) Min Max Remarks Appendix 2. Summary of Uncertainty Budget CCEM Key International Comparison of AC-DC Current Transfer Standards CCEM-K12 Please also send this information by e-mail. Institute: Date: Remarks: 65(67) Measurement Current : 10 mA Contribution of: 10 Hz 55 Hz Standard Uncertainty / 10-6 at frequency Type A Distrior B bution 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Combined unc (k=1): Expanded unc: Measurement Current : 5 A Contribution of: 10 Hz 55 Hz Standard Uncertainty / 10-6 at frequency Type A Distrior B bution 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz Combined unc (k=1): Expanded unc: Appendix 3. Packing List CCEM Key International Comparison of AC-DC Current Transfer Standards CCEM-K12 1. Single Junction Thermal Converter, NMIA Serial No 1001 – 2003 2. Single Junction Thermal Converter, NMIA Serial No 251 – 2003 3. Current Shunt, NMIA Serial No S10 4. Thermal Converter Output Cable 5. Supports (2) 6. This Protocol 66(67) Appendix 4 Forms for Notifying Receipt and Shipment of Artefact CCEM Key International Comparison of AC-DC Current Transfer Standards CCEM-K12 To:…(sender and coordinator)…. ARTEFACTS RECEIVED 67(67) The package was received at ……..(name of laboratory)…. on …(date).. The condition when it was received was *in good physical and working order *damaged – (explain) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (name of participant) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ARTEFACTS SHIPPED To: (recipient and coordinator) The package was shipped through ….(shipper)….. on …(date).. The shippers agent in the recipient country is ……….…(agent name and contact details)………………….. Shipping Details: Expected date of arrival at destination country:………….. Shipped: door-to-door / port –to – port Air Way Bill No. (house): …………………. If available: Master Air Way Bill No: Flight details: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (Name of Participant)Ver+/- |
