proceedings
Abstract
Housing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles in Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanofibers to Detect Chiral Terpene Vapors †
Fabricio N. Molinari 1,2,*, Fabrizio De Cesare 1,3 and Antonella Macagnano 1,*
1 Istituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico-CNR, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy; decesare@unitus.it
2 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina 3 DIBAF, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy * Correspondence: fabricionicolasmolinari@cnr.it (F.N.M.); antonella.macagnano@cnr.it (A.M.) † Presented at the XXXV EUROSENSORS Conference, Lecce, Italy, 10–13 September 2023.
Abstract: This study proposes a two-step process to design a chiral sensor combining MIP (molecularly imprinted polymer) and electrospinning technologies. First, stereoselective S(-)-limonene molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MINPs) were fabricated and dispersed into polyvinylpyrrolidone– carbon nanotube (PVP-MWCNT) conductive nanofibers to cover resistive interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). The electrical and sensing performances of the resulting sensor confirmed its capacity to discriminate and quantify the two limonene enantiomers. The sensor’s response to terpene gases appeared completely reversible, probably due to the peculiarity of the nanostructure. The sensor characteristics were influenced by the polymer matrix’s composition ratio, the cavity shape and the interfaces with carbon nanotubes. The morphological properties of the nanofibers were investigated by microscopy (optical, SEM, TEM and AFM).
Keywords: electrospinning; limonene; stereoselectivity; MIP; nanoparticles; sensors
Citation: Molinari, F.N.; De Cesare, F.; Macagnano, A. Housing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles in Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanofibers to Detect Chiral Terpene Vapors. Proceedings 2024, 97, 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/ proceedings2024097096
Academic Editors: Pietro Siciliano and Luca Francioso
Published: 26 March 2024
Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
1. Introduction
Biomarkers are molecules produced by animals or plants that ideally allow us to predict a clinically relevant endpoint or intermediate outcome that is difficult to observe. For example, monoterpenes like limonene, α-pinene and linalool are known to be biomarkers for humans, animals and plants.
MIP techniques typically consist of the polymerization of monomers or polymers in the presence of template molecules and the subsequent generation of functional cavities upon the removal of these molecules, thus leaving highly specific active sites [1]. On the other hand, adding a specifically tailored molecular recognition capability to electrospun materials is expected to be highly beneficial for designing a selective sensor [2]. However, integrating these two technologies has proven to be quite challenging, mainly due to the different processing methodologies that characterize the two approaches [3]. Conversely, the dispersion of MINPs inside polymer nanofibers sounds fairly straightforward upon separating the technological processes. Hence, tailoring each process’s parameters enables one to achieve optimized final architectures and efficient recognition performances. In this preliminary study, S(-)-limonene-templated MINPs were prepared and dispersed in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers housing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to design a stereoselective sensor. In fact, PVP has a high electron cloud density on the pyrrolidone ring, thus providing good dispersion stability for NPs with polar groups and active hydrogen atoms.
Proceedings 2024, 97, 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097096
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/proceedings
Proceedings 2024, 97, x Proceedings 2024, 97, 96
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2. Materials and Methods
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Author Contributions: Conceptualization, F.N.M. and A.M.; methodology, F.N.M. and A.M.; vAaluidthaotironC,oFn.Ntri.Mbu.,tiFo.Dns.C: .CaonndceAp.Mtu.a;liinzvaetisotnig,aFt.iNon.M, F..Nan.Md A.; r.Mes.o;umrceetsh,oAd.oMlo.;gdya, tFa.Ncu.Mra.tiaonnd, AA..MM..;avnadlFi.dNa.tMio.n; ,wFr.Niti.nMg.—, Fo.Drig.Cin. aalnddraAf.tMp.r;eipnavreasttiiogna,tiFo.nN,.MF.N. a.Mnd.; Are.sMou.; rwcersi,tiAng.M—.r;edvaietawcuanradtieodni,tiAn.gM, A. aLnLd thF.eNA.Mut.h; owrrsi.t;ifnugn—dionrgigaincqaul disriatifotnp,rAep.Mar.aAtilolna,uFt.hNo.rMs .haanvde Are.aMd.;awndriatignrge—edretovitehwe apnudbleisdhiteidngv,earlsliothne oAf uthtehomrsa;nfuusncdriipntg. acquisition, A.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by Project “MOSSA”-POR FESR Lazio 2014–2020, N. TF0u0n0d2Ein0g0:0T1.his research was funded by Project “MOSSA”-POR FESR Lazio 2014–2020, N. T0002E0001.
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